Len Nupa is Being Attacked!

Len Nupa ကို ခိုးယူရန္ႀကံစည္ျခင္း
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 ကမာၻ့ ေနရာ အႏွံ့အၿပား၌ ေတြ႔ရေသာ လူထုႏွင့္ ဆိုင္ေသာ သစ္ေတာ (Community Forest)လို႔ ေျပာဆို ေခၚေဝၚၾကေသာ ေတာအုပ္ ေတာနက္၊ သစ္ပင္ ထူထပ္ေသာ အရပ္ ႏွင့္ ရႈခင္းလွပၿပီး ရာသီဥတုကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ ေပးေသာ ေနရာ အခိ်ိဳ႕ ကို ထိန္းသိမ္း ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ ရန္ အေရးႀကီးေၾကာင္း ကိုနားလည္ သေဘာေပါက္ ပါသည္။

Falam Prospect Workshop လို႔ အမည္ တပ္ေခၚ ထား တဲ့ အစည္းအေဝး ကို ဇူလိုင္လ ၇ ရက္ေန႔က ျပဳလုပ္ က်င္းပခဲ့ရာ ဖလမ္းလူထု က "ဖလမ္း ၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္း ၌ တည္ရွိေနေသာ Buannel ကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ထားတဲ့ သစ္ေတာ (reserved forest) လုပ္ဖို႔ ရန္ အစိုးရ ထံ ေတာင္းေလ်ွာက္ သြားရန္ အစီအစဥ္ ရွိေၾကၾကာင္း" ဇူလိုင္လ ၁၀ရက္ေန႔တြင္ the Chinland Herald ဝဘ္ဆိုဒ္ စာမ်က္ႏွာ တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထား ပါသည္။ သူတို႔ စာမ်က္ႏွာ ထဲမွာ ခ်င္းျပည္နယ္ သစ္ေတာ ဝန္ႀကီး ဦးမန္ဟင္းဒါလ္း က "မၾကာခင္မွာပဲ ဖလမ္းမို႔နယ္ထဲ၌ ရွိေသာ Buannel ႏွင့္ Zatual ေဒသ ကိုလည္း Reserved Forests အျဖစ္ ျပဳလုပ္သြား မည္လို႔ ေျပာၾကားေၾကာင့္" http://www.chinlandherald.com/2018/07/10/falam-peng-sungih-buannel-ram-cu-tahfel-a-si-ding/ ၌ ေရးသားထား ပါသည္။

Buannel လို႔ ဖလမ္း ႏွင့္ တျခား ဘာသာစကားသံုးေသာ လူမိ်ဳး အခိ်ဳ႕ကသာ ေခၚဆို ၾကတာ ျဖစ္ ေပမဲ့ သူ႔ အနီး တစ္ဝိုက္ က ေဒသခံေတြ ကေတာ့ Len Nupa လို႔ ေခၚဆို ၾကတာ ဘိုးေဘး ေဘဘင္ေခတ္ ကတည္း က ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ Buannel က ဖလမ္း ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ထဲတြင္ တည္ရွိသည္ ဟု အထက္က Chinland Herald ကဆိုထား ပါသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ၎သည္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အတြင္း၌တည္ရွိေၾကာင္း ကို ေဖၚျပသြားမွာ ျဖစ္ ၿပီး ၿပယ္နယ္အစိုးရထံမွ ေတာင္းယူလို့ အလကား ရယူလို့ ရတဲ့ေနရာ အဟုတ္ေႀကာင္း သိေစအပ္ ပါသည္။

၁. ကပ္တဲလ္ေက်းရြာ ကို ခရစ္ႏွစ္ ၁၈၆၇ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ တည္ေထာင္ၿပီး နယ္စားနယ္ခံ ပူ ထြမ္းေထာင္း (Pu Thuam Thawng) က စိုးစံ အုပ္စိုးကြပ္ကဲခဲ့ သည္။ ဤကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်းရြာ ကို မတည္ထင္မွာ ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း က ဖလမ္း နယ္စားနယ္ခံ ၿဖစ္တဲ့ တာရွြန္း ေစာ္ဘြား ပူ ၾကြမ္ဘိ (Con Bik) ထံ၌ နြားေနာက္ ေကာင္ေရ ၁၂၀ အစား တူမီးေသနတ္ ၁၇လံုး၊ ဆင္စြယ္ တစ္စံု၊ ေမာင္း (အႀကီး) တစ္ခု၊ ရိုးရာေမာင္း(Daak) တစ္စံု၊ နြားေနာက္ ၁ ေကာင္၊ ေၿပာင္ အရွင္ တစ္ေကာင္၊ ႏွင့္ အရွင္ ဖမ္းထားတဲ့ Khuangleng သူႀကီးရဲ့ သမီးေတာ္ Vansing(Vanchhingi) တို့ကို ယူေဆာင္သြားၿပီး ကပ္တဲလ္နယ္ေၿမကို တရားဝင္ ဝယ္ထားပါသည္။ ထိုသို့ ဝယ္ယူရာတြင္ ပါဝင္ေသာ Len Nupa တည္ရွိရာ ေနရာ ၿဖစ္သည့္ Ailam ေတာင္ေႀကာတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ ဆင္းသြားၿပီး Innbuk ေတာင္ အထိ ပါဝင္ပါသည္။ Teeltui Zingsol Vol 1, pp. 9-12.

၂. ၁၉၁၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဗိုလ္မႉးႀကီး Brigate Luife က ကပ္တဲလ္ နယ္ေျမသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းကို ျပန္လည္ျပဳျပင္၍ "Pangding ေတာင္မွဆင္းသြား ၍ Ailam ေတာင္ေၾကာ (Len Nupa တည္ရွိရာ)သို႔ ဆင္းလာကာ Tuipi ေခ်ာင္း ကို လိုက္ကာ မဏိပူရျမစ္သို႔ ထိုးဆင္းသြားသည္။" Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, page 19.

၃.  Appointment Order of Chin Headmen Under Provision of Section 5 of the Chin Hills Regualtion -1896 အရ Deputy Commissioner တာဝန္ထမ္းေဆာင္သည့္ Lt. Col. LE Burne က ၾသဂုတ္လ ၅၊ ၁၉၃၀ ရက္စဲြပါ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္အရ ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း ၏ ေျမးျဖစ္သူ ပူေထာင္းခိုလ်န္း (Pu Thawng Khua Lian) အုပ္ခ်ဴပ္ရန္ (jurisdiction) "Ailam ေတာင္ေၾကာမွ Ailam lui (Len Nupa မွ စီးလာေသာ ေခ်ာင္း ျဖစ္သည့္ Lua lui) အရင္းအထိ၊ Ailam lui မွ ဆင္းကာ Tuipi ေခ်ာင္းႏွင္း ဆံုကာ မဏိပူရျမစ္သို႔ ဆင္းသြားသည္။ (The ridge of Ailam mwell(Mual), to the source of Ailam Lui, (Lua Lui which is the water from Len Nupa) then down Ailam Lui to its confluence with the Tuipi Lui to its confluence with the Manipur River.)" ဟု တိတိက်က် မ်တ္တမ္းတင္ခဲ့သည္။ Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. 5, 18.

၄. ဒုတိယကမာၻ စစ္ႀကီး အတြင္း ၁၉၄၄ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ Commissioner ပူ ေထာင္းက်င့္ထန္ (Pu Thawng Cin Thang) ႏွင့္ Mr NW Kelly တို႔ ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး Sukte Independent Army ကို ဖဲြ႔စည္း ၍ ဂ်ပန္စစ္သားေတြကို တိုက္ထုတ္ေနစဥ္ "ကပ္တဲလ္ ေျမ Len Nupa ေဒသတြင္" ေနရာယူထား ေၾကာင္း Pu Tual Khaw Mang က Buannel မွ Len Nupa သို့ အမည္ေပးထား ေသာ Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. v တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထား သည္။

၅. Commissioner Pu Tual Khaw Mang (BA.; BL. Advocate) က "Len Nupa ဆိုတဲ့ နာမည္ေက်ာ္ ေဒသ ဟာ ပူ ထြမ္းေထာင္း က ပူ ႂကြမ္ဘိ ထံမွ ဝယ္ယူထားေသာ ေနရာ ေတြထဲ အပါအဝင္ျဖစ္သည္" ဟု Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2 တြင္ရွင္းျပထားသည္။

၆. ေရွ႕ေန ပူ လ်န္းဇကမ္း (Pu Lian Za Kam) က "ဂ်ပန္စစ္ (ဒုတိယကမာၻစစ္) တံုးက ဝန္ေထာက္ NW Kelly, ပူ ေထာင္းက်င့္ထန္ ႏွင့္ လူ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕တို႔သည္ မတ္လ ၁၄၊ ၁၉၄၄ ေန႔တြင္ ကပ္တဲလ္ နယ္ Len Nupa မွ Saiek သို႔ ေျပာင္းကာ စစ္ ဌါန (HQ) ထားသည္" ဟု SuangSuang Magazine စာမ်က္ႏွာ ၁၅၂ တြင္ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားေလ၏။
၇. ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း ၏ ျမစ္(great-grandson)ျဖစ္သူ ကေလးၿမိဳ႕ရွိ Leipi Baptist Church မွာ အသင္းအုပ္ ဆရာအျဖစ္ အမႈေတာ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနေသာ Rev Sian Za Mung ကလည္း Len Nupa သည္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်းရြာ ၏ နယ္နိမိတ္ တြင္း တည္ရွိတာမွန္ကန္ေၾကာင္း Teeltui Zingsol Vol 2, p. iv တြင္အတိအလင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။

၈. အုပ္ခ်ုပ္ေရး ဆိုင္ရာ ကိစၥ တိုင္းမွာ လက္စြဲ အေနနွင္႕ အသံုးျပုသည္႕ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕ အေထြေထြ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးမႉး ရံုး လက္ေအာက္ရွိ နယ္ေျမစရင္း အရ Len Nupa သည္ တီးတိန္ျမို့နယ္ ကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်းရြာအုပ္စု ၏ နယ္ပယ္အတြင္းတြင္ တည္ရွိေၾကာင္း တိတိက်က် ေဖာ္ၫြန္းထား ပါသည္။

Buannel ဟု ေၿပာႀကေသာ Len Nupa ကို ၿမို့နယ္ နယ္နိမိတ္ ကို ေက်ာ္လြန္ကာ ဖလမ္းတို့က ခ်င္းၿပည္နယ္အစိုးရထံမွ အနိင္အထက္ ၿပခိုးယူရန္ ႀကိုးစားၿပီး ေတာင္းေလွ်ာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္သည္ ဟု သံုးသပ္ ပါသည္။
ဒီ Len Nupa ကို အစိုးရ ႏွင့္ အပစ္အခတ္ ၇ပ္စဲေရး စာခ်ူပ္ ခ်ူပ္ဆိုထားေသာ ခ်င္း အမိ်ိးသား တပ္မေတာ္ (CNF) က ၂၀၁၃ ခုနွစ္တြင္ ပိုက္ဆံႏွင့္ ဝယ္ယူရန္ ခ်င္းၿပည္နယ္ အစိုးရထံ စာပို့ ခဲ့ေႀကာင္း https://sianzun.blogspot.com/2014/09/lennupa-leh-cnf.html မွာ ဖတ္ရွူေလ့လာ ႏိုင္ပါသည္။

Unicode:
[Zawgyi]
Len Nupa ကို ခိုးယူရန္ႀကံစည္ျခင္း
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 ကမာၻ႔ ေနရာ အႏွံ႕အျပား၌ ေတြ႕ရေသာ လူထုႏွင့္ ဆိုင္ေသာ သစ္ေတာ (Community Forest)လို႔ ေျပာဆို ေခၚေဝၚၾကေသာ ေတာအုပ္ ေတာနက္၊ သစ္ပင္ ထူထပ္ေသာ အရပ္ ႏွင့္ ရႈခင္းလွပၿပီး ရာသီဥတုကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ ေပးေသာ ေနရာ အခ်ိဳ႕ ကို ထိန္းသိမ္း ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ ရန္ အေရးႀကီးေၾကာင္း ကိုနားလည္ သေဘာေပါက္ ပါသည္။

Falam Prospect Workshop လို႔ အမည္ တပ္ေခၚ ထား တဲ့ အစည္းအေဝး ကို ဇူလိုင္လ ၇ ရက္ေန႕က ျပဳလုပ္ က်င္းပခဲ့ရာ ဖလမ္းလူထု က "ဖလမ္း ၿမိဳ႕နယ္အတြင္း ၌ တည္ရွိေနေသာ Buannel ကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ထားတဲ့ သစ္ေတာ (reserved forest) လုပ္ဖို႔ ရန္ အစိုးရ ထံ ေတာင္းေလွ်ာက္ သြားရန္ အစီအစဥ္ ရွိေၾကၾကာင္း" ဇူလိုင္လ ၁၀ရက္ေန႕တြင္ the Chinland Herald ဝဘ္ဆိုဒ္ စာမ်က္ႏွာ တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထား ပါသည္။ သူတို႔ စာမ်က္ႏွာ ထဲမွာ ခ်င္းျပည္နယ္ သစ္ေတာ ဝန္ႀကီး ဦးမန္ဟင္းဒါလ္း က "မၾကာခင္မွာပဲ ဖလမ္းမို႔နယ္ထဲ၌ ရွိေသာ Buannel ႏွင့္ Zatual ေဒသ ကိုလည္း Reserved Forests အျဖစ္ ျပဳလုပ္သြား မည္လို႔ ေျပာၾကားေၾကာင့္" http://www.chinlandherald.com/2018/07/10/falam-peng-sungih-buannel-ram-cu-tahfel-a-si-ding/ ၌ ေရးသားထား ပါသည္။

Buannel လို႔ ဖလမ္း ႏွင့္ တျခား ဘာသာစကားသုံးေသာ လူမ်ိဳး အခ်ိဳ႕ကသာ ေခၚဆို ၾကတာ ျဖစ္ ေပမဲ့ သူ႕ အနီး တစ္ဝိုက္ က ေဒသခံေတြ ကေတာ့ Len Nupa လို႔ ေခၚဆို ၾကတာ ဘိုးေဘး ေဘဘင္ေခတ္ ကတည္း က ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ Buannel က ဖလမ္း ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ထဲတြင္ တည္ရွိသည္ ဟု အထက္က Chinland Herald ကဆိုထား ပါသည္။ သို႔ေသာ္လည္း ၎သည္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ အတြင္း၌တည္ရွိေၾကာင္း ကို ေဖၚျပသြားမွာ ျဖစ္ ၿပီး ျပယ္နယ္အစိုးရထံမွ ေတာင္းယူလို႔ အလကား ရယူလို႔ ရတဲ့ေနရာ အဟုတ္ေၾကာင္း သိေစအပ္ ပါသည္။

၁. ကပ္တဲလ္ေက်း႐ြာ ကို ခရစ္ႏွစ္ ၁၈၆၇ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ တည္ေထာင္ၿပီး နယ္စားနယ္ခံ ပူ ထြမ္းေထာင္း (Pu Thuam Thawng) က စိုးစံ အုပ္စိုးကြပ္ကဲခဲ့ သည္။ ဤကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်း႐ြာ ကို မတည္ထင္မွာ ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း က ဖလမ္း နယ္စားနယ္ခံ ျဖစ္တဲ့ တာရွြန္း ေစာ္ဘြား ပူ ႂကြမ္ဘိ (Con Bik) ထံ၌ ႏြားေနာက္ ေကာင္ေရ ၁၂၀ အစား တူမီးေသနတ္ ၁၇လုံး၊ ဆင္စြယ္ တစ္စုံ၊ ေမာင္း (အႀကီး) တစ္ခု၊ ရိုးရာေမာင္း(Daak) တစ္စုံ၊ ႏြားေနာက္ ၁ ေကာင္၊ ေျပာင္ အရွင္ တစ္ေကာင္၊ ႏွင့္ အရွင္ ဖမ္းထားတဲ့ Khuangleng သူႀကီးရဲ႕ သမီးေတာ္ Vansing(Vanchhingi) တို႔ကို ယူေဆာင္သြားၿပီး ကပ္တဲလ္နယ္ေျမကို တရားဝင္ ဝယ္ထားပါသည္။ ထိုသို႔ ဝယ္ယူရာတြင္ ပါဝင္ေသာ Len Nupa တည္ရွိရာ ေနရာ ျဖစ္သည့္ Ailam ေတာင္ေၾကာတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ ဆင္းသြားၿပီး Innbuk ေတာင္ အထိ ပါဝင္ပါသည္။ Teeltui Zingsol Vol 1, pp. 9-12.

၂. ၁၉၁၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဗိုလ္မႉးႀကီး Brigate Luife က ကပ္တဲလ္ နယ္ေျမသတ္မွတ္ျခင္းကို ျပန္လည္ျပဳျပင္၍ "Pangding ေတာင္မွဆင္းသြား ၍ Ailam ေတာင္ေၾကာ (Len Nupa တည္ရွိရာ)သို႔ ဆင္းလာကာ Tuipi ေခ်ာင္း ကို လိုက္ကာ မဏိပူရျမစ္သို႔ ထိုးဆင္းသြားသည္။" Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, page 19.

၃.  Appointment Order of Chin Headmen Under Provision of Section 5 of the Chin Hills Regualtion -1896 အရ Deputy Commissioner တာဝန္ထမ္းေဆာင္သည့္ Lt. Col. LE Burne က ၾသဂုတ္လ ၅၊ ၁၉၃၀ ရက္စြဲပါ ထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္အရ ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း ၏ ေျမးျဖစ္သူ ပူေထာင္းခိုလ်န္း (Pu Thawng Khua Lian) အုပ္ခ်ဴပ္ရန္ (jurisdiction) "Ailam ေတာင္ေၾကာမွ Ailam lui (Len Nupa မွ စီးလာေသာ ေခ်ာင္း ျဖစ္သည့္ Lua lui) အရင္းအထိ၊ Ailam lui မွ ဆင္းကာ Tuipi ေခ်ာင္းႏွင္း ဆုံကာ မဏိပူရျမစ္သို႔ ဆင္းသြားသည္။ (The ridge of Ailam mwell(Mual), to the source of Ailam Lui, (Lua Lui which is the water from Len Nupa) then down Ailam Lui to its confluence with the Tuipi Lui to its confluence with the Manipur River.)" ဟု တိတိက်က် မ်တ္တမ္းတင္ခဲ့သည္။ Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. 5, 18.

၄. ဒုတိယကမာၻ စစ္ႀကီး အတြင္း ၁၉၄၄ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ Commissioner ပူ ေထာင္းက်င့္ထန္ (Pu Thawng Cin Thang) ႏွင့္ Mr NW Kelly တို႔ ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး Sukte Independent Army ကို ဖြဲ႕စည္း ၍ ဂ်ပန္စစ္သားေတြကို တိုက္ထုတ္ေနစဥ္ "ကပ္တဲလ္ ေျမ Len Nupa ေဒသတြင္" ေနရာယူထား ေၾကာင္း Pu Tual Khaw Mang က Buannel မွ Len Nupa သို႔ အမည္ေပးထား ေသာ Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. v တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပထား သည္။

၅. Commissioner Pu Tual Khaw Mang (BA.; BL. Advocate) က "Len Nupa ဆိုတဲ့ နာမည္ေက်ာ္ ေဒသ ဟာ ပူ ထြမ္းေထာင္း က ပူ ႂကြမ္ဘိ ထံမွ ဝယ္ယူထားေသာ ေနရာ ေတြထဲ အပါအဝင္ျဖစ္သည္" ဟု Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2 တြင္ရွင္းျပထားသည္။

၆. ေရွ႕ေန ပူ လ်န္းဇကမ္း (Pu Lian Za Kam) က "ဂ်ပန္စစ္ (ဒုတိယကမာၻစစ္) တုံးက ဝန္ေထာက္ NW Kelly, ပူ ေထာင္းက်င့္ထန္ ႏွင့္ လူ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕တို႔သည္ မတ္လ ၁၄၊ ၁၉၄၄ ေန႕တြင္ ကပ္တဲလ္ နယ္ Len Nupa မွ Saiek သို႔ ေျပာင္းကာ စစ္ ဌါန (HQ) ထားသည္" ဟု SuangSuang Magazine စာမ်က္ႏွာ ၁၅၂ တြင္ မွတ္တမ္းတင္ထားေလ၏။
၇. ပူထြမ္းေထာင္း ၏ ျမစ္(great-grandson)ျဖစ္သူ ကေလးၿမိဳ႕ရွိ Leipi Baptist Church မွာ အသင္းအုပ္ ဆရာအျဖစ္ အမႈေတာ္ ေဆာင္႐ြက္ေနေသာ Rev Sian Za Mung ကလည္း Len Nupa သည္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်း႐ြာ ၏ နယ္နိမိတ္ တြင္း တည္ရွိတာမွန္ကန္ေၾကာင္း Teeltui Zingsol Vol 2, p. iv တြင္အတိအလင္း ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။

၈. အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရး ဆိုင္ရာ ကိစၥ တိုင္းမွာ လက္စြဲ အေနႏွင့္ အသုံးျပဳသည့္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕ အေထြေထြ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးမႉး ႐ုံး လက္ေအာက္ရွိ နယ္ေျမစရင္း အရ Len Nupa သည္ တီးတိန္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ ကပ္တဲလ္ ေက်း႐ြာအုပ္စု ၏ နယ္ပယ္အတြင္းတြင္ တည္ရွိေၾကာင္း တိတိက်က် ေဖာ္ၫြန္းထား ပါသည္။

Buannel ဟု ေျပာၾကေသာ Len Nupa ကို ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ နယ္နိမိတ္ ကို ေက်ာ္လြန္ကာ ဖလမ္းတို႔က ခ်င္းျပည္နယ္အစိုးရထံမွ အနိင္အထက္ ျပခိုးယူရန္ ႀကိဳးစားၿပီး ေတာင္းေလွ်ာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္သည္ ဟု သုံးသပ္ ပါသည္။
ဒီ Len Nupa ကို အစိုးရ ႏွင့္ အပစ္အခတ္ ၇ပ္စဲေရး စာခ်ဴပ္ ခ်ဴပ္ဆိုထားေသာ ခ်င္း အမ်ိးသား တပ္မေတာ္ (CNF) က ၂၀၁၃ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ပိုက္ဆံႏွင့္ ဝယ္ယူရန္ ခ်င္းျပည္နယ္ အစိုးရထံ စာပို႔ ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း https://sianzun.blogspot.com/2014/09/lennupa-leh-cnf.html မွာ ဖတ္ရႉေလ့လာ နိုင္ပါသည္။

https://sianzun.blogspot.com/2018/07/len-nupa-is-being-attacked.html

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Len Nupa ကို ခိုးယူရန်ကြံစည်ခြင်း
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 ကမ္ဘာ့ နေရာ အနှံ့အပြား၌ တွေ့ရသော လူထုနှင့် ဆိုင်သော သစ်တော (Community Forest)လို့ ပြောဆို ခေါ်ဝေါ်ကြသော တောအုပ် တောနက်၊ သစ်ပင် ထူထပ်သော အရပ် နှင့် ရှုခင်းလှပပြီး ရာသီဥတုကို ထိန်းချုပ် ပေးသော နေရာ အချို့ ကို ထိန်းသိမ်း စောင့်ရှောက် ရန် အရေးကြီးကြောင်း ကိုနားလည် သဘောပေါက် ပါသည်။

Falam Prospect Workshop လို့ အမည် တပ်ခေါ် ထား တဲ့ အစည်းအဝေး ကို ဇူလိုင်လ ၇ ရက်နေ့က ပြုလုပ် ကျင်းပခဲ့ရာ ဖလမ်းလူထု က "ဖလမ်း မြို့နယ်အတွင်း ၌ တည်ရှိနေသော Buannel ကို ထိန်းချုပ်ထားတဲ့ သစ်တော (reserved forest) လုပ်ဖို့ ရန် အစိုးရ ထံ တောင်းလျှောက် သွားရန် အစီအစဉ် ရှိကြေကြာင်း" ဇူလိုင်လ ၁၀ရက်နေ့တွင် the Chinland Herald ဝဘ်ဆိုဒ် စာမျက်နှာ တွင် ဖော်ပြထား ပါသည်။ သူတို့ စာမျက်နှာ ထဲမှာ ချင်းပြည်နယ် သစ်တော ဝန်ကြီး ဦးမန်ဟင်းဒါလ်း က "မကြာခင်မှာပဲ ဖလမ်းမို့နယ်ထဲ၌ ရှိသော Buannel နှင့် Zatual ဒေသ ကိုလည်း Reserved Forests အဖြစ် ပြုလုပ်သွား မည်လို့ ပြောကြားကြောင့်" http://www.chinlandherald.com/2018/07/10/falam-peng-sungih-buannel-ram-cu-tahfel-a-si-ding/ ၌ ရေးသားထား ပါသည်။

Buannel လို့ ဖလမ်း နှင့် တခြား ဘာသာစကားသုံးသော လူမျိုး အချို့ကသာ ခေါ်ဆို ကြတာ ဖြစ် ပေမဲ့ သူ့ အနီး တစ်ဝိုက် က ဒေသခံတွေ ကတော့ Len Nupa လို့ ခေါ်ဆို ကြတာ ဘိုးဘေး ဘေဘင်ခေတ် ကတည်း က ဖြစ်ပါသည်။ Buannel က ဖလမ်း မြို့နယ် ထဲတွင် တည်ရှိသည် ဟု အထက်က Chinland Herald ကဆိုထား ပါသည်။ သို့သော်လည်း ၎င်းသည် တီးတိန်မြို့နယ် အတွင်း၌တည်ရှိကြောင်း ကို ဖေါ်ပြသွားမှာ ဖြစ် ပြီး ပြယ်နယ်အစိုးရထံမှ တောင်းယူလို့ အလကား ရယူလို့ ရတဲ့နေရာ အဟုတ်ကြောင်း သိစေအပ် ပါသည်။

၁. ကပ်တဲလ်ကျေးရွာ ကို ခရစ်နှစ် ၁၈၆၇ ခုနှစ်တွင် တည်ထောင်ပြီး နယ်စားနယ်ခံ ပူ ထွမ်းထောင်း (Pu Thuam Thawng) က စိုးစံ အုပ်စိုးကွပ်ကဲခဲ့ သည်။ ဤကပ်တဲလ် ကျေးရွာ ကို မတည်ထင်မှာ ပူထွမ်းထောင်း က ဖလမ်း နယ်စားနယ်ခံ ဖြစ်တဲ့ တာရှွန်း စော်ဘွား ပူ ကြွမ်ဘိ (Con Bik) ထံ၌ နွားနောက် ကောင်ရေ ၁၂၀ အစား တူမီးသေနတ် ၁၇လုံး၊ ဆင်စွယ် တစ်စုံ၊ မောင်း (အကြီး) တစ်ခု၊ ရိုးရာမောင်း(Daak) တစ်စုံ၊ နွားနောက် ၁ ကောင်၊ ပြောင် အရှင် တစ်ကောင်၊ နှင့် အရှင် ဖမ်းထားတဲ့ Khuangleng သူကြီးရဲ့ သမီးတော် Vansing(Vanchhingi) တို့ကို ယူဆောင်သွားပြီး ကပ်တဲလ်နယ်မြေကို တရားဝင် ဝယ်ထားပါသည်။ ထိုသို့ ဝယ်ယူရာတွင် ပါဝင်သော Len Nupa တည်ရှိရာ နေရာ ဖြစ်သည့် Ailam တောင်ကြောတစ်လျှောက် ဆင်းသွားပြီး Innbuk တောင် အထိ ပါဝင်ပါသည်။ Teeltui Zingsol Vol 1, pp. 9-12.

၂. ၁၉၁၀ ခုနှစ်တွင် ဗိုလ်မှူးကြီး Brigate Luife က ကပ်တဲလ် နယ်မြေသတ်မှတ်ခြင်းကို ပြန်လည်ပြုပြင်၍ "Pangding တောင်မှဆင်းသွား ၍ Ailam တောင်ကြော (Len Nupa တည်ရှိရာ)သို့ ဆင်းလာကာ Tuipi ချောင်း ကို လိုက်ကာ မဏိပူရမြစ်သို့ ထိုးဆင်းသွားသည်။" Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, page 19.

၃.  Appointment Order of Chin Headmen Under Provision of Section 5 of the Chin Hills Regualtion -1896 အရ Deputy Commissioner တာဝန်ထမ်းဆောင်သည့် Lt. Col. LE Burne က သြဂုတ်လ ၅၊ ၁၉၃၀ ရက်စွဲပါ ထုတ်ပြန်ချက်အရ ပူထွမ်းထောင်း ၏ မြေးဖြစ်သူ ပူထောင်းခိုလျန်း (Pu Thawng Khua Lian) အုပ်ချူပ်ရန် (jurisdiction) "Ailam တောင်ကြောမှ Ailam lui (Len Nupa မှ စီးလာသော ချောင်း ဖြစ်သည့် Lua lui) အရင်းအထိ၊ Ailam lui မှ ဆင်းကာ Tuipi ချောင်းနှင်း ဆုံကာ မဏိပူရမြစ်သို့ ဆင်းသွားသည်။ (The ridge of Ailam mwell(Mual), to the source of Ailam Lui, (Lua Lui which is the water from Len Nupa) then down Ailam Lui to its confluence with the Tuipi Lui to its confluence with the Manipur River.)" ဟု တိတိကျကျ မျတ်တမ်းတင်ခဲ့သည်။ Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. 5, 18.

၄. ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာ စစ်ကြီး အတွင်း ၁၉၄၄ ခုနှစ်တွင် Commissioner ပူ ထောင်းကျင့်ထန် (Pu Thawng Cin Thang) နှင့် Mr NW Kelly တို့ ဦးဆောင်ပြီး Sukte Independent Army ကို ဖွဲ့စည်း ၍ ဂျပန်စစ်သားတွေကို တိုက်ထုတ်နေစဉ် "ကပ်တဲလ် မြေ Len Nupa ဒေသတွင်" နေရာယူထား ကြောင်း Pu Tual Khaw Mang က Buannel မှ Len Nupa သို့ အမည်ပေးထား သော Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2, p. v တွင် ဖော်ပြထား သည်။

၅. Commissioner Pu Tual Khaw Mang (BA.; BL. Advocate) က "Len Nupa ဆိုတဲ့ နာမည်ကျော် ဒေသ ဟာ ပူ ထွမ်းထောင်း က ပူ ကြွမ်ဘိ ထံမှ ဝယ်ယူထားသော နေရာ တွေထဲ အပါအဝင်ဖြစ်သည်" ဟု Teeltui Zingsol, Vol 2 တွင်ရှင်းပြထားသည်။

၆. ရှေ့နေ ပူ လျန်းဇကမ်း (Pu Lian Za Kam) က "ဂျပန်စစ် (ဒုတိယကမ္ဘာစစ်) တုံးက ဝန်ထောက် NW Kelly, ပူ ထောင်းကျင့်ထန် နှင့် လူ တစ်ချို့တို့သည် မတ်လ ၁၄၊ ၁၉၄၄ နေ့တွင် ကပ်တဲလ် နယ် Len Nupa မှ Saiek သို့ ပြောင်းကာ စစ် ဌါန (HQ) ထားသည်" ဟု SuangSuang Magazine စာမျက်နှာ ၁၅၂ တွင် မှတ်တမ်းတင်ထားလေ၏။
၇. ပူထွမ်းထောင်း ၏ မြစ်(great-grandson)ဖြစ်သူ ကလေးမြို့ရှိ Leipi Baptist Church မှာ အသင်းအုပ် ဆရာအဖြစ် အမှုတော် ဆောင်ရွက်နေသော Rev Sian Za Mung ကလည်း Len Nupa သည် တီးတိန်မြို့နယ် ကပ်တဲလ် ကျေးရွာ ၏ နယ်နိမိတ် တွင်း တည်ရှိတာမှန်ကန်ကြောင်း Teeltui Zingsol Vol 2, p. iv တွင်အတိအလင်း ဖော်ပြထားပါသည်။

၈. အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး ဆိုင်ရာ ကိစ္စ တိုင်းမှာ လက်စွဲ အနေနှင့် အသုံးပြုသည့် တီးတိန်မြို့ အထွေထွေ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးမှူး ရုံး လက်အောက်ရှိ နယ်မြေစရင်း အရ Len Nupa သည် တီးတိန်မြို့နယ် ကပ်တဲလ် ကျေးရွာအုပ်စု ၏ နယ်ပယ်အတွင်းတွင် တည်ရှိကြောင်း တိတိကျကျ ဖော်ညွန်းထား ပါသည်။

Buannel ဟု ပြောကြသော Len Nupa ကို မြို့နယ် နယ်နိမိတ် ကို ကျော်လွန်ကာ ဖလမ်းတို့က ချင်းပြည်နယ်အစိုးရထံမှ အနိင်အထက် ပြခိုးယူရန် ကြိုးစားပြီး တောင်းလျှောက်ရန် စီစဉ်သည် ဟု သုံးသပ် ပါသည်။
ဒီ Len Nupa ကို အစိုးရ နှင့် အပစ်အခတ် ၇ပ်စဲရေး စာချူပ် ချူပ်ဆိုထားသော ချင်း အမျိးသား တပ်မတော် (CNF) က ၂၀၁၃ ခုနှစ်တွင် ပိုက်ဆံနှင့် ဝယ်ယူရန် ချင်းပြည်နယ် အစိုးရထံ စာပို့ ခဲ့ကြောင်း https://sianzun.blogspot.com/2014/09/lennupa-leh-cnf.html မှာ ဖတ်ရှူလေ့လာ နိုင်ပါသည်။

https://sianzun.blogspot.com/2018/07/len-nupa-is-being-attacked.html

Minam khat sungah

2001 Kum a ZONET a ka lai gelh hi in, tu hun in sim kik leng cih deihsakna tawh ka hong khak kik a hihi.
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Tuhun a Zomi (Chin) a kici minam sunga om namphung (tribe) tuamtuam te in, minam (nation) khat sung pan piang hina pi'n a beisa hun in Kumpi (King) khat or vaihawmna (govenment) khat i ukna nuai ah a luang khawm ngeilo minam ihihi. Beh (clan), namphung (tribe), kampau (dialect)te bulphuh luatna hang in minam (nation) bulphuh in ukna (administration ) huangkhat sung a kalsuan khawmding ki thanem kha hi. Nidang in i pu i pa ten gam hing, tui hoihna gam a zonna uah khua a sat uh ciangin tua khua sat makai pa in "Hausa" sempah a, siah leh tang kai in,khua leh tui vaihawm zia ding thukhun leh dante a kipan pusa pasa biakna, dawi leh kau biaknate leh ngeina pawite ciang dong a ma deihna bang in gel hi. Tuahun lai in "hausa" te vanglian mahmah uh a hihmanin hausa sem in siah leh tang kaih theihna dingin mun tuamtuam ah khua kisat kawikawi hi.

CNF's notorious activities documented By Pu Vumson

From: VS;suantak@us.net
Sun Apr 21, 2002 10:13 pm
ZoNet Message # 2495

The main reason for accepting Bo Zing Cung's offer to meet the DC Zomi Innkuan was a promise given to the DC Zomi Innkuan by Colonel Thomas Thango, Chairman of the CNF that the matter relating to Laihilh Dim Sian Ciin that the CNF would respond within three months. The three months expired in January and Zomi Innkuan have not received any news from the CNF in January concerning Dim Sian Ciin.


Bo Zing Cung explained CNF's achievement in attaining membership in the NDF, and NCUB as a step for gaining democracy in Burma and CNF's future roll in the UN sponsored tripartite dialogue. The DC Zomi Innkuan is not overly concerned with these political matters as the Zomi Innkuan is a non political organization formed mainly to hold prayer meeting together. Bo Zing Cung explained that when something is done there are always some accidents. These angered Zomi Innkuan members. That meant Bo Zing Cung was trying to white wash the killing of people by the CNF concentrated in the Zomi Innkuan areas. They expected some kind of compassion, sympathy and understanding from the CNF chief for their wrong doings. Zomi Innkuan knew some people killed by the CNF were
ordered by the CNF central committee.

Ming Hnin was said to have been killed by a mistake (CNF soldiers ambushed the wrong motorcycle rider) and Bo Zing Cung had apologized to Ming Hnin's wife Dr. Maureen. During the meeting with Dr. Maureen, Bo Zing Cung was said to have admitted that he admired Adolf Hitler, and Hitler was his idol. Adolf Hitler murdered over six million Jews during the second World War. Was Bo Zing Cung on the same path as Adolf Hitler? Is he
campaigning to exterminate some people in the Chin State?

Then it is the question of the Dim Sian Ciin kidnapping. Bo Zing Cung simply said, they had brought in over fifty people? This was shocking. While we worry about one person the CNF had kidnapped forty nine more? How the parents and relatives of these forty nine people must feel? The kidnappings were done as per the central committee of the CNF.

We know the assassination attempt of Pu No Than Kap was ordered by the CNF central committee. So was the killing of Stephen and the fifteen year old girl, Biak Tial. because they were suspected of giving information to the Military Intelligence as they worked in a café frequented by the Burmese MI.

Looking into these killings it is clear that the killing of Lalhmangaiha, and Zam Tung Thang were ordered by the CNF. As the Vice Chairman of the CNF and Chief of the Chin National Army Bo Zing Cung was responsible for the planning and execution of these killings.

Bo Zing Cung stated that accidents happened. In Saizang, the three CNF soldiers wounded two villagers in their first encounter. That would have been in self-defense. But when the CNF came back to attack the village with a larger force and better arms meant a declaration of war on the village. That was no more an accident and no more in self-defense. It
was a crime serious enough to be reported to the International Court of Justice and the UN Human Rights Commission.

It is true that some members of the DC Zomi Innkuan pleaded with Bo Zing Cung not to collect taxes from the Tedim district. However, the main request was: Not to collect taxes at gun point and not to kill if somebody refuse or unable to pay.

My personal appeals to the CNF are:
Stop killing people
Stop kidnapping people
Stop beating people
Stop robbing people
Stop destroying property of the people
Soldiers should not be drunk while on duty.

If you cannot feed your soldiers stop recruiting them. You do not need soldiers. You can be members of the NCUB, NDF, and you should participate in Tripartite Dialogue representing the Chin State without having the burden of maintaining a standing army. One or two hundred soldiers is no match for an army over four hundred thousand strong. I supported the CNF before I learned about the human rights abuses of the CNF. It is not important what I say or do but it is important the CNF do not kill our own people unless in self defense.

The following are the list of killings and some other crimes of the CNF that caused the DC Zomi Innkuan to be involved with the CNF.

The Killing of Retired Major Zel Za Lang and three villagers of Saizang. Saizang village lies about seven miles from Tedim, the administrative center of the Tedim Subdivision. Saizang is large village. The Manipur river flows not far from the village. The village is also in the close vicinity of Ciimnuai, the first village the people who today reside in the Lamka , Tedim, and Saikal districts.

Pu Kam Hen of Saizang village was a trader between Burma and India. He was a well to do person for the people of Saizang and surroundings. There were a few well to do people in the Chin State and Kam Hen got the attention of the CNF. Because Kam Hen lived in Saizang, a village not far from the Burma India border. He was accessible to the CNF because the CNF has its Northern Command Headquarter in Mizoram.In order to find out how rich Kam Hen was, the CNF sent one man to Saizang. This CNF soldier acted as if he was in the village to buy for gong. Staying a few days at Kam Hen house, the CNF soldier did not reveal his profession to Saizang villagers that he was a CNF soldier. He came wearing a Burmese longyi. He spoke the Ciimnuai dialect but the people knew that he was a Hakha because of his accent.

Kam Hen and the CNF soldier became fast friends as they drank together zu. However, the CNF soldier knew where Kam Hen kept his money in theonly trunk in the house. He had around four hundred thousand Indian rupees and about one hundred thousand Burmese Kyats. The man with the Hakha accent left after a few days.

Three days after the man left, three gunmen dressed with facemask and blankets appeared in the night in front of Kam Hen's house. The spokesperson of the three demanded that Kam Hen opened his trunk. The demand was made by pointing a gun at Kam Hen. Thus Kam Hen obliged and the three gunmen went into house and Kam Hen opened the trunk. The three gunmen took Kam Hen's money and left. In the trunk were four hundred thousand Indian Rupees (black money) and one hundred thousand Burmese Kyats (white money). (Black money and white money were terms used by the local people). Kam Hen knew by the accent of the gunman that it was the same man who had come to buy a gong, who had become his friend. He knew then it was the CNF who came to rob him of his money. It was a Friday night in October 1996. (The date could be wrong)

On the Sunday the relatives and friends of Kam Hen consoled the lost of his money. They brought zu and food. They drank zu as they gossiped and they became drunk.

On that same Sunday the CNF lead by officer Solomon came to the chairman of the village council retired Major Zel Za Lang to ask the Saizang village to pay their taxes. Zel Za Lang told them that at that moment he had only about one hundred thousand Kyats. The CNF group could come back after he collected the money from the villagers.

While Major Zel Za Lang was entertaining the guests offering them tea,some one informed Kam Hen that the CNF people who robbed him had come to the village; and were with the village council chairman. Thus Kam Hen and his friends rushed to Zel Za Langh's house.

Kam Hen saw the man he had entertained in his house before and he and his friends immediately wrestled the three CNF people. As the drunken men wrestled the CNF, the leader of the CNF, officer Solomon shot at the attackers from under his blanket. They were wearing blankets because it was cold. One villager was hit in the stomach and the Village Council Chairman Zel Za Lang was hit in the leg. He also shot at the photo of Zel Za Lang in Burmese Army uniform, hanging on the wall, hitting at the eye. After firing at the villagers, the CNF group went away.

Zel Za Lang's family called the village nurse to treat the wounded. The civil defend forces of the village were called to stand guard as they expected that the CNF to come back to attack the village. They were armed with a flint lock guns and double barrel carbines.

The nurse left after treating the two wounded men. The CNF came with a larger force of about armed fifteen men at about after midnight. One of the civil defense forces with the flintlock gun shot at them but his gun misfired. The CNF shot at the man and killed him. On hearing the gun shots the villagers were shouting to each other to come out with their
guns to defend the village from the CNF enemies. The villagers with their old flint lock guns and double barrel carbines went to the village council chairman's house, but too late. The CNF, using submachine guns had entered the house shooting their way into the house. They shot their way into every room of the house. They killed the two unarmed wounded men Zel Za Langh and the villager at point bank in cold blood.They searched the whole house for other men. They were about to kill the fourteen years old son of the village council chairman. In the house were also two daughters of the council chairman, who were not harmed. These two women pleaded with the CNF not to kill their brother as they had already killed their father. They would give all the money they have in the house and look for more if the CNF would just not kill their brother. The CNF then decided not to kill the young man and left.

In the morning the villagers discovered that the CNF had killed another unarmed man who was hiding in the upper floor. Pu Kam Hen had returned to his house before the CNF came back. He was not harmed.

CNF's Killing of Pu Zam Tung Thang, the headman of Tungzang village.
Tungzang is a village with over 300 hundred houses or families.
On October 15, 2000, three CNF soldiers visited the village of Tungzang. They were looking for Pu Zam Tung Thang, the headman of the village.

Pu Zam Tung Thang was about 45 years old, and he was always interested in politics. He was the local president of the Zomi National Congress.He also cooperated with the Burmese Army and worked closely with notorious military intelligence called MI (Em Ai). The collection of taxes by the CNF and the visits of the CNF were reported to the MI. It
was believed that Pu Zam Tung Thang was the one who did it.

The CNF soldiers expressed the wish to see Pu Zam Tung Thang. Pu Zam Tung Thang tended a garden outside of the village and he was not in  the village. The CNF forced Pu Lamh Thang a villager of Tungzang to guide them to the garden of Pu Zam Tung Thang. So Pu Lamh Thang led the CNF soldiers to the garden.

At Pu Zam Tung Thang's garden, the CNF soldiers told Lamh Thang to go Buanli another village because the CNF intended to collect taxes from the village. The soldiers told him to tell the Buanli headman to collect eggs and money before they come. Buanli was a few miles from the garden.

When Lamh Thang returned from Buanli the soldiers and the headman were gone from the garden. It was already late at night when he came back to his home. His relatives were waiting at his house because they were worried that the CNF soldiers might have harmed him. They heard similar stories before.

The body of Pu Zam Tung Thang was found four days later in the woods.He died of gun shot wounds, in other words he was believed to have been shot to death by the CNF soldiers. On him was a note saying" This man is associating with the government. Those who associate with the government will face the same fate". It was stamped with the CNF seal.

The Burmese military learned about the death of the Pu Zam Tung Thang.They investigated how Pu Zam Tung Thang was killed. Pu Lamh Thang was often called to come to Tedim a oneday's journey from the village. He was accused of aiding the CNF for taking the CNF soldiers to Zam Tung Thang's garden. At the writing of this report Lamh Thang had not been arrested, but the investigation never died. Lamh Thang was made to believe that he might be arrested and jailed soon, he was in great anxiety.

The Killing of Pu Zam Khan Pau

With the ever worsening economic situation in Burma due to the mismanagement by the Burma Socialist Program Party, followed by the State and Law Restoration Council and the State Peace and Development Council, all members of the Burmese Army under General Ne Win, the people of the Chin State suffered under economic hardship never faced before in their history. Zo people from the Chin State depends so much of their livelihood by trading anything they own to Mizoram in India. They take eggs, chicken, pigs, cows, and any farm products to Mizoram for sale. With the proceeds they buy materials very short in
the Chin State such as medicine.

In march 1995, a group of young people from Lophei village drove a herd of cows to Mizoram crossing the border at the Tio river at Zote–Farthlang foot path. It took them four days to reach Mizoram.

Along the trade road the between the village of Zote and Farthlang Chin National Front soldiers were on duty to collect taxes from the traders.The CNF soldiers were stationed in Mizoram, India.

From Zam Khan Pau and his brother the CNF demanded that they pay taxes on their cows. As the CNF were not letting them proceed further to Mizoram they paid their taxes. It was not difficult for them to sell their cows in Mizoram. With the proceeds they bought household items that they badly needed in Mizoram and returned home.

Zam Khan Pau, 24 years old, was hired by his brother to help drive the cows. He had a small child less than two years old and his wife was pregnant with their second child. The baby was expected any day. He was desperate to go home. When he and companions returned, the soldiers of the CNF at the border did not allowed them to cross the border at
night as it was after sunset. Not far from Zote village, the Burmese Army had a camp inside the Chin State of Burma. The CNF soldiers explained that they did not want the Burmese Army to learn their presence at the border. If they allowed anybody to cross the border
the Burmese Army might learn of the CNF presence..

However, Zam Khan Pau pleaded with the CNF soldiers to let him go because he needed to reach home because of his pregnant wife and the baby could come any day. The CNF soldiers demanded that he pay one hundred kyats for them to allow Zam to cross the border at night. But Zam had only fifty Kyats (about 10 cents in US currency at the time.)

When Zam showed that he had only fifty kyats, the soldier hit him repeatedly with the butt of his gun until Zam laid on the ground. Then the soldier push his rifle muzzle against the stomach area of Zam. The muzzle of the gun punctured Zam's bladder. Although having so much pain in his attempt to reach home he walked until he reached the village of Haimual. The last stretch of the journey was the most difficult for him. He died in the night.

How CNF soldier robbed Pu Kham Khaw Pau ( The name altered for fear of CNF reprisal)
Pu Kham Khaw Pau was a truck/jeep driver catering traders between the Mizoram border and Kalemyo. What he encountered on a trip to the Chin State/Mizoram border is nothing extra-ordinary. There were many check points on the road. Vehicles traveling between the Chin State and Mizoram had to pay taxes (bribes) to four agencies. A trader or a driver has to pay taxes a certain percent from the value of their goods to the Burmese customs and Burmese police. Then the Burmese Army demanded protection money (that is what they call) and also a certain percent of the value of the goods as bribe so that they could proceed to their destinations, usually the border village. As a driver Kam Khaw Pau needed to pay a certain fee to the customs and to the officers of the Burmese Army.

At the Mizoram and Chin State border at Rih Khuadar village a company of the Burmese Army is stationed. The Burmese Army has also a camp at the border at the East bank of the Tio river. The other side of the river is Mizoram. The village of Rih Khuadar is only three miles distant  from the border. The Chin National Front has a camp on the West side of the
river in Mizoram.

As Kham Khaw Pau traveled to the Burma/India border CNF soldiers were on hand in March 2001 between Ri Khuadar and Tio. Tio river and Rih Khuadar village is only three miles apart. There is a BA camp at Rih Khuadar and one at the Tio river. But the CNF is very active between the Tio and Rih Khuadar. The CNF and the BA have a tacit understanding that the CNF can collect taxes for their existence because without the CNF there is no need for the BA to be stationed in that part of the region. Thus the CNF needs the BA so that they can collect money from the traders and travelers. The Burmese Army needs the CNF to justify their presence at the border.

Therefore it was possible for the CNF soldiers to stop Kham Khaw Pau only two hundred yards from Rih Khuadar. The CNF soldier demanded Pu Pau handed all his money to him. While the CNF soldier was asking money

he had been hitting with his fist Pu Pau on the face. Knowing that the CNF or the BA might demand money Pu Pau kept ten thousand kyats in his pocket, which he gave to the CNF soldier. The CNF soldier did not believe that Pu Pau had only ten thousand Kyats with him. So he kept asking for more money and hitting the face of Pu Pau at the same time. When the CNF soldier pushed his gun against the stomach of Pu Pau, Pu Pau got scared. He thought that it was not worth dying for the a little money he still kept in his bag. So he handed over the money in his bag, ten thousand Kyats to the soldier. The soldier then became more irritated because Pau did not give the money immediately and hit and
slapped Pu Pau in the face with more brutality. The soldier then let Pu Pau go. Pu Pau could not eat with his mouth for three days because his face was so badly swollen that he had to be fed with fluids with a bamboo tube.

. The Killing of Thuam Go Pau

Thuam Go Pau was a trader between the Mizoram, India and Kalemyo. He had a small shop in the village of Tuithang. As the head of the household he often left his village to go to Kalemyo and buy merchandize and then took the merchandize to Mizoram. From Mizoram he returned with items that he put up for sale at his store.

Traveling with others in March 2001, they camped on the bank of the Gun river. They made fire to warm themselves and cook their food. While they were sitting around the fire some people fired at them from the other bank of the river. They shouted to their attackers "Stop
shooting at us. We are just villagers". Thuam Go Pau was hit and died . They learned that the CNF soldiers had fired them on.

The CNF admitted that they have killed Thuam Go Pau believing that the fire was made by the members of the Burmese Army. As the Burmese Army usually attacked any suspicious groups of people, the CNF soldiers thought that they would shoot first.

The CNF admitted their mistake. Thuam Go Pau had three little  children. The killing had brought so much hardship to the family as they lost their bread earner. The children were placed in the orphanage.

. The Killing of Pu C. Lalhmangaiha, President of YMA Khuangleng
village in Mizoram

On July 12, 1996 late in the night three armed CNF men entered the village Khuangleng, a village at the border between the Chin State, Burma and Mizoram, India. According to Zo Nieng Vol XI No 48, 49, 52,58, the CNF had given a lot of difficulties to the people of the
border villages. The three CNF men knocked on the door, making loud banging noises. The CNF men announced shouting "We are members of the CNF,  open the door" several times. As the village had been so often terrorized by the armed CNF, the villagers were in panic. To help the villagers Pu Lalhmngaiha came out of his house and asked "What is the matter? The  CNF men shot to kill him. He died instantly in the middle of the village.The CNF men went to another village and forced the owner of the house to prepare tea for them and left after drinking the tea.

The Mizoram police chased the CNF and on July 19th, 1996 one of the members of the CNF who killed Pu Hmangaiha. There was a confrontation between the Mizoram police and the CNF at Vaphai village and CNF member Ca Chun was killed.

On July 25, four thousand people demonstrated in protest against the killing of Pu Hmangaiha by the CNF on the streets in Aizawl. At the rally (at Aizawl Tennis Stadium) the president and general secretary of the Young Mizo Association(YMA) and Mizoram Home Minister Pu J. Lalsangzuala gave speeches condemning the killing of the Young Mizo Association
president of Khuangleng.
Seven resolutions were made at the rally.

1. Tribute and honor was given to Pu Lalhmangaiha for he came forward to help the distress people of Khuangleng.
2. The rally condemn the killing of Pu Lalhmangaiha as a criminal act. Pu Lalhmangaiha had never enemies or troubles.
3. The rally demanded that the Mizoram government gave compensations to Pi Vallaveni wife of Pu Lalhmangaiha and her children and the government must find suitable employment for her.
4. At the Burmese Mizoram border the villagers could not sleep in peace because of the CNf and therefore the rally demanded the government of Mizoram post police outfits at the border villages of Vaphai, Khuangleng, and Hnahlante villages.
5. The rally demanded a border petrol police for Mizoram international border(Bangladesh and Burma.)
6. The rally demanded the deportation of all foreigners from Mizoram as soon as possible.
7. The rally demanded the police should give speedy help to the YMA when demanded.

On August 1, 1996 the Mizoram government expelled all refugees or Burmese citizens from Hnathial village. The government started to deport people from Burma from other parts of Mizoram.

On August 3, 1996 a member of the Mizoram police Private Constable Pu Vanlalpeka Lance Naik, third Battalion was shot dead by the CNF.

A short time after the Khuangleng incident the CNF shot and wounded a pastor of Ruantlang village.

Vumson Suantak

Some parts are changed*; adopted from http://guitefamily.blogspot.com

CHIN, ZOMI, MIZO, ZO cihtawh kisai Debate

CHIN, ZOMI, MIZO, ZO cih minvai tawh kisai India gam aom ih mipihte kikupna, Debate bawlna hi. Sausimsim in alunglut velvelte bekin atawpdong simzo bekding hi. This is the outcome of the debate about our nomenclatures like Chin-Kuki-Mizo-Zomi on FaceBook – Zolengthe Group. The debate Vaphual shows that every one of us clearly know who we are – We are Zo, but some opined that Kuki nomenclature should be used as it is recognised nationaly and internationally. This is the starting point of the debate:

Dear friends,
MIZO=ZOMI, then is it something like both side of a coin? If it is so, then there is no chance of sitting under one administrative umbrella. Another Point: Mizo or Zomi ~ Which one should be the right word? I know You will say both. But according to Pu T. Gougin, Founder President of Zomi National Congress, “The land come first and then the people” therefore, it should be Zo… Mi….. that means Zo = Land and Mi = People. He further argued that MIZO is a wrong word; because, before the creation of mankind, the universe was created… that's why Mi cannot come first. Do you agree?

ZOMI & POLITICS

J. Thanglianpau, Editor of Zolawkta

ZOMI & POLITICS
************************

Minam khat in ka gam ka lei a cih ding gam khat neih ding pen baih het lo hi. A neisate in zong a gam a lei uh it in, gal leh sa lakah a khahsuah lohna dingin ahih theih zahun keem tek uh hi. Tua mah bangin I pu I pate in zong I gam I lei hu a, a khang a khanga gal leh sa a dona uh gen ding tampi om hi. Zogam la dinga British galkapte hong kuan lai taka I pu I pate in a hih zawh zahun Mikang galkapte nangin, a do mah bangun, Mikang ten Zogam hong lak khit ciangin zong Zogam pan Mikang galkapte nohkhiat kik sawmin hih theihnana pan do tawntung uh hi. Tua hanga Mikangte khut thuak minthang masa pen Pu Thuam Thawng leh a tapa Tg. Pau Dal, Pu Kai Tuah leh Pu Khai Kamte hi a, 1898 kuma Mikangte phualpi Thuamvum (Kennedy peak/ Fort White) a simna uh pan Mikang galkapte in man in, Pu Thuam Thawng leh tapa Pau Dal pen Kendat thongah puak uh a, hih thongah a pata-un si uh hi. Pu Kai Tuah leh Pu Khai Kam pen khantawn gotna kipia a, Pu Kai Tuah pen Myingyan thongah, Pu Khai Kam pen Andaman tuikulh (Island) pekah puak uh hi.

A (2) Veina Zosuan Tuailai Khawmpi pan Tangkhatui

A (2) Veina Zosuan Tuailai Khawmpi pan Tangkhatui

Ani April 23-26, Tedim Khuahun: Guah zuzu in vot
Thukham : Eimi zang theilo, malkhat Ks 5000, Zomi zang ding
Gangawhte: Vok nih leh Sial khat
Tanute: Tedim Siamsin
Thubulhphuh : “A Bucing Khantohna Ah” “ Unity and Holistic Development”
Thusungte: 1. Pa Hang Khan Lian' thulu: Zomi, Zogam Zolei
2. Dr. Lian Muan Kim' thulu: Zomi le Makaihzia
3. Rev. Dr, JM Ngul Khan Pau' thulu: A Citak Khangno Khangto
4. ZYA. Sya Pau No' thulu: Gambup Zomi Khangno Kipawlna
5. Sm Vung Deih Cing' thulu: Pumpi Cidamna(Kal)
6. Pa Thang Za Sing' thulu: Cihtakna tawh Sumzonna
7. Dr. Hau Za Cin' thulu: Zomi, Zani, Tuni, Mailam
8. Pa Khup Khawm Mung' thulu: A Bucing Khantohna
9. Dr. Chin Khan Lun' thulu: A Citak Siamsin Lawhcing Hi
10. Rev. Go Za Nang' thulu: Zeisu Nei Khangno Khangto Hi.
11. Zomi Siamsin Kipawlna Tedim+Kalaymyo (mithum)

Ta numei maw, ta pasal, koi na deih?

TAPA MAW NA DEIH, TANU?

-Peter Gin Khan Do, BMin

Tapa hiam tanu hiam, ei deih bangbang neih theih hileh maw, cih mi tampite lunggulh hi ngel dingin ka ngaihsun hi. Hih lunggulhna pen a taktakin a tung thei mawhlo ding hi. A nuai a thute kikum lehang.

Mihingte a bawlpa in, Adam te nupa kiangah pung unla leitung dim un, ci in thu apia hi. Tu laitakin a tangtung khat a suak hi. Leitung mihing tam luatna pen a kibuaipih khat hong suak ta hi. Tua ahih ciangin gam khempeuh ah innkuan tawmsak (family planning) ding cih a thupi khatin kigen hi. Kumpiten sum tampipi bei-in gamsung mi tamlua dal nadingin nasem hi.

Zomi: Who They Are

Zomi

Total population
ca. 2,500,000
Languages
Various Kuki, Mizo, Chin, Naga, Paite
Religion
Christianity, Animism, Buddhism, Laipian
Related ethnic groups
Naga, Meitei, Hmar , Mizo, Kuki

Zomi^[1] is the name of a major tribe found in various parts of South and South East Asia. The term Zomi meaning, Zo People^[2]

is derived from the generic name 'Zo', the progenitor of the Zomi. They are found in northwestern Myanmar, northeastern India and Bangladesh. Anthropologists
classify them as Tibeto-Burman speaking member of the Mongoloid race. In the past they were little known by this racial nomenclature. They were known by the non-tribal plain peoples of Myanmar, Bangladesh and India as Chin, Kuki, or Lushai. Subsequently the British employed these terms to christen those 'wild hill tribes' living in the "un-admiral. They are Zomi not because they live in the highlands or hills, but are Zomi and call themselves Zomi because they are the descendants of their great great ancestor, 'Zo'".^[3]

Zomi History Timeline (AD1800-2006)

Collected by Salai Biak Lian Sang

Pre-Colony Period, Anglo - Zomi War

1800 - 1870 - Zogam was peaceful and quiet, thus practicing feudal chief ruling system even though cruel slavery was avoided by their conscience. In these years, new villages were established by the descendents of chiefs.

1871 - British established tea plantations in the Zomi territory on Indian border. The Zomi on the western side therefore raided the British tea planters accusing them intruding into the Zomi territory. The Zomi captures a little young girl the age of five by the name Mary Wincherster who was left behind by adult tea planters as they all ran away from the raid.

1871-72 - The British invaded the western Zogam, rescued the little girl and returned to India.

1885 - The British administrators in India who also ruled Burma since 1885 declared war to invade the whole Chin country in synchronization on both sides from Burma and India.

His Wills and Works of T. Gougin

I too want to leave my will even if I failed to fulfil my dream of Zoland during my life time where all Zomis can live together as one big family with one aspiration, one hope that is; JUSTICE for Social, Economics, Political, Religion and LIBERTY of Thought, Expression, Faith and Equality of Status and of Opportunity and to promote among all Zomis Fraternity. For these, we should Fight together, Work together and Die together. This is MY WILL.
My second Will is Nobody should shed tears over my mortal body but try to know my Will above.
My third Will is over my grave this should be written :
“ Here lies a MAN who work for the Unification of all ZOMI’s and for their Salvation, Political, Economic and Religion. For this, GOD ordained him to suffer”.

Zomi Khang Tangthu

ZO KHANG TANGTHU
(Chin, Zomi leh Ciimnuai-mi)
Zomi
Pupi ‘Zo' ii suan leh khak khempeuh Zomi ahi hi. Pupi pen Noah suan Shem, Ham, Japhet-te lakah Japhet suan hi dingin ki-ummawh hi. Sengam ah ukpi (dynasty) a hunhunin kilaih hi. (2205-1766 BC Xia dynasty) Xia kumpi ukna hun hi-in, (1766-1122 Shang dynasty) Shang kumpi ukna hun hi a, (1123-256 BC Zhou or Zo dynasty) Zo ukna hun ahi hi.
Shang ukpipa in khua kimah hausa upa koih lo ahih manin Zomite in baihtakin a ukna sutkhia zo hi, kici hi. Zo ukna hun ciangin khua kim ah upa, hausa koih ahih manin Sengam ah Zo uk hun sung pen a sawt pen hun suak hi. Hih Zo uk hun sungin mipil (philosopher) khankhiat hun hi-in hih hun a mipil minthang philosopher ahi, Confucius (Kung-fu-tze, 511-475 BC) in, hun sung tengin innkuan nuntak, beh leh phung kizopzia leh sahawm zia cihte a kipan hilhin sinsak a, tua ahilh ziate tu dongin Sente in zang lai-in, Zomite in zong zang uh hi. Zomi ih cih ciangin leitung bupa om Pupi Zo suan khempeuh kihel in, Zogam, Zo leitang pen kumpi te'n Chin State ci-a hong ciapteh sakna gamhuam teng ahi hi.

Tedimpau tawh Zolai Kibawlcilna

1910 kumin Hakha khua panin Cope topa, Tedim khua ah hong kituahto hi. Cope topa hong tun ciangin Sia Thuam Hang leh Sia Pau Suante, Christian na hikhinta a hihmanin Cope topa in "Sihzang pau" na thei masa pen hi. 1919 kum kipatlamin "Tedim Thukizakna" ci-in lai hawmkhiat ding a ngaihsun hi. Kamhau gam sungah (tu lai Tedim, Tonzang leh Cikha township teng-Sihzangkual hihel lo) kampau nam tuamtuam om hi cih thei a hihmanin Kamhau gambup huam dinga a hawmkhiat nop Tedim Thukizakna pen bang pau zang ding cih khensat theilo hi. Tua ciangin Tedim Vuandok Zum khang-a paang kungpi nuai-ah Kamhau gamsunga siahkai cingteng Hausa lian teng khempeuh khawmin kikupna a bawl hi.Tua lakah Pa Ngul Lang zong va ki hel kha-a,a ma ciaptehna a nuai a bang ahi hi.

Lennupa leh CNF

CNF in Tedim gam huam Lennupa akihel leitang acre 800 val Chin State Gov't tung lei ding ngen kei lo hi ung cih thu leh ngen a hihna thu Innpi Blog panin kong copy sawn hi.

CNF in a website uh ahi Khonumthung ah Augsut 15, 2014 ni in Tedim khuapi huam a leitangte ngetna vai ah a nial thu uh suaksak uh hi. Tu a bek thamlo in media tuamtuam te tungah hi bang thu thei kha kei ung ci in propaganda khah uh hi.





ZYA Tedim in hih vai ah nialna nei uh a, a kisap leh Nay Pyi Taw dongah kalsuan di in gelna nei uh hi.

May2, 2013 ni in CNF makai Shuikhar ngiat in letmat thuh in Chin State Chief Minister Hung Ngai tungah Tedim huam leitang ahi:

Lennupa i cih Buannel leitang Acre 250,

Thangmual dung ahi Laythathaung a cih uh Acre 800 ngen uh a, a ngetna lai leh a gamlim khak khawm pah uh hi.

A nget vekpi pen i zakna sangin tamzat tham hi. Estimate bek hi lai hi. Acre1150 na pha mawk hi.

Zolai in hiah om hi
Kawllai in Innpi ah na sim un.

ZYA Kapteel in a manlang a ZYA Tedim tawh kizop a thu leh la a manlang thi pen a i vaihawm khop di leh a lampi om thei bangbang tawh ma i pankhop tek di in itna leh zahtakna tawh i ki zawn hi.

Kapteel leitang khansawt damin, phuh khuam bang kho in, khangsawn te'n luah den ta hen aw...

Zolai Gelhzia

Leitungbup Zomi akua mapeuh tungah Zolai gelhzia pawlkhat hong tangko kikkik ing. Zolai puahsiam mipil tampi ten zong hoih a sak kim uh ahih manin, akua mapeuh in zat kim diamdiam tek dingin deihsakna lianpi tawh hong khak ing. Ki theihsakna hilo a, vei man hizaw hi.

Zolai ahi a, bang lai ahi zongin, mun le mual min, mi' min cihte pen ahi bang lianin i gelh ding kisam hi. Yongon City cih bang pen Zangkong Siti cih bangin nong gelh ciangun khangthak momnote' a dingin lampialna khatpeuh hong suah khak ding ka dah simsim hi.

A diak in, media nasepna leh kipawlna tawh thu khat peuh nong suah tak uh ciangin, laimal diktak nong zat dinguh deih huai hi. Banghang hiam cih leh nomau' influence pen khangthak ten hong ciing ding hizen mawk ahih manin, hoihtak hong ngaih sun phapha un.

Mun minte:

Yangon City - Zangkong hilo.
Kalaymyo - Kawlpi cih tawh official in kizanglo.
Myanmar - Kawlgam cih tawh official in kizanglo.
China - Sen gam cih tawh official in kizanglo.

Mi minte:

Do Suan Mung cih banga mal thum tawh i gelh min pen Zomite' ngeina tawh kigelh laimal hizaw hi. Banghang hiam cih leh Zomite' ngeina ah min mal thum kinei hamtang zaw a, a mal masa pen bel mintap-pa' min hi a, a nunga-te pen khiatna nei-a kiphuak min malte a hihi.

Do Suan Mung:

"Do" pen mintap-pa' min hi-a, "Suan" pen suan le khak, tuleta cihna hi-in, Mung pen khuam banga muanhuai, belh cing, muantaak cihna hi-in, tuleta, suanlekhakte' a dingin mi muanhuai cihna ahihi.

Tua bang hinapi in, Dosuanmung ci-in hong gelh hi zenzen leh Zomite' min phuahzia leh min gelhzia ngeina susia hong suak a, a khiatna zong nei nawnlo hi. Hih pen minam dangte tawh kibat lohna khat ahihi.

Min i phuah ciangin zong, min ngaih leh min hoih theithei i phuah ding kisam mahmah hi. Min hoih khollo pen mi ten zong mang naleng in hong matnop loh uh ahih manin, min i phuah ciangin, a ngaih thei pen mah phuak ni. Zomite' ngeina leh ciinzia ah min hoih pawlkhat a nuai ah en ni.

Pasal min:

1) Khai
2) Mung
3) Tuang
4) Lian
5) Mang
6) Khual

Numei min:

1) Cing
2) Lian
3) Niang
4) Kim
5) Lun
6) San
7) Huai
8) Ciang

Hih a tunga teng pen gentehna a kong gelh hi a, a khiatna zong a hoih vive hipah lel hi. Mi dang khat peuh in, mangin hong mat phial leh zong manghoih a kaai ding min vive hipah hi. Mun le mual i gelh ciangin zong ahi bang lian mah in gel lel lehang hoih zaw hi.

Dal Sian Hung
Src : Zominam

Pu T. Gou Gin Thu tawm

UPA T. GOUGIN M.A. (1925 – 2012)

 Brief Life Sketch Late Tungnung Lundou begat Late Tungnung Paugou. Late Tungnung Paugou and Late Pi Chingkhup begat eight children. 1. (L) Pu T. Kaisuah 2. (L) Pu T.Thangkhotual (father of Late T. Gougin) 3. (L) Pu Ex. Jem. T. Douzakham 4. (L) Pi Phadon 5. (L) Pi Nemdin 6. (L) Pi Manghoi 7. (L) Pi Kimzamang 8. (L) Pi Goihzaching (L) Pu T. Thangkhotual and (L) Pi Nemzavung got married in the year 1923 and blessed with 9 (nine) children, 4 male and 5 female. Among them, (L) Pu T. Gougin MA was the eldest who was born in 1925 at Sumtuh village under Churachandpur district of Manipur where Pu T. Gouzadou Ex-Minister is the youngest among them. HIS LIFE TIMELINE 1934 L.P School 1938-39 – Thanlon L.P School – Class II 1940 – Chinga Hill L.P. School, Imphal – III 1942 – Tamenglon UP School – Class IV 1943 -1948 : Indian Army as Boy and completed the 3 Army Education in first class 1948-49 : The first two books written and published by him while in the Army (i) An Indian Army Primer leh (ii) English Hindustan Paite Primer. He earned accolades of the Indian Army C-in-C, Gen. K.M. Cariappa for his books. 1950 – Married to Miss Douzaching but had to go their own way. 1952 – Operation at Jammu Military Hospital 1953 – Married to Miss Nouzanem d/o (L) Nanggin Tungdim of Misau village 1954 – Passed the Indian Army Special Class (equivalent to Matric). 1954 – He left Army for not getting Commission (Army) 1955 – Major Sundaran, Chief Commissioner of Manipur appointed him as a clerk in Tribal Welfare Department 1956 – Completed Intermediate of Arts (IA) at Imphal Night College 1956 – Eldest son Tungnung Nungkhochinpau was born (January 26) 1956 – Zou Tribe Recognised with his sole initiative 1957 – His father, T. Thangkhotual died (September 30) 1958 – Study BA at St. Edmunds College, Shillong 1960 – Completed BA (Hons) in Economics at high 2nd class 1959 – The First Zou Mass Agitation under his leadership (United Manipur Zomi Organisation (UMZO) conference was held at Tuaitengphai village, Pu J.M. Raina, Chief Commissioner was invited to be the Chief Guest but he did not turn up, (L) Pu S.K. Samte with (L) Pu T. Gougin led the Zou people and agitated in front of the SDO Churachandpur – Pu D.R. Baruah IFAS. The SDO tender his apology on behalf of the Chief Commissioner). 1959 – Established Private High School at Tuaitengphai village 1960 – Started Tribal League with (L) Tunkhopum Baite 1961 – UMZO Conference at Singtom village, at that conference “M” was omited and UMZO was rechristened as United Zomi Organisation (UZO), He was elected to be the President of UZO. Therefore, he become the first president of UZO. 1962 – Contested Outer Manipur Parliamentary Constituency MP but could not succeed 1962 – Lecturer at Churachandpur Govt. Higher Secondary School 1964 – Studied MA @ Guwahati University as post graduate deputation and written and published another two books (i) Nehru Journey on Earth (ii) Two Noun Can Save India 1965-66 – Abolished Cop Labour (Army Pot Pua) among the tribal in Manipur. 1966 – Completed MA1970 – Completed LL.B. Intermediate under Guwahati University 1971 – Contested MP with Congress (O) ticket 1972 – Started G&C printing press as well as THUTHANG NEWS (first Daily Newspaper in Churachandpur) 1972 – Founded Zomi National Congress at Daijang Village (January 28) [Pu T. Gougin pen President & Pu S.K Samte Gen. Secretary] 1973 – Contested MDC at Tuining Constituency but not succeeded 1974 – Contested MLA at Singngat A/C with Hills Union ticket and successful. 1975 – With his tooth and nail opposition, the proposed Hill House Tax of Rs.15/- was reduced to Rs.6/- on March 12, 1975 and he was called “Champion of the Hill” (this Hill House Tax was implemented till 2006) 1975 – Deputy Minister 1975 – Drafted Co-Operative Society Act during his term of Cooperation portfolio 1975 – With his tooth and nail opposition, the proposed Hill House Tax of Rs.15/- was reduced to Rs.6/- on March 12, 1975 and he was called “Champion of the Hill” (this Hill House Tax was implemented till 2006) 1975 – Chairman of Public Account Committee (PAC) till April 1976 1976 – With his tooth and nail opposition, Meitei dialect was not declared the official language 1976 – A member of State Level 20 Point Economic Implementation Committee 1976 – Chairman of Public Account Committee (PAC) 1974 – 1979 : ZNC Units all over Manipur Hill Areas 1983 – ZNC re-organization | July 09: ZNC Special Assembly, Zogal Memorial Hall, Zoveng 1985 – (November 21) Constructed 40kms long “Indira Road” from Pangen to Thanlon with ZNC volunteers 1985 – ZNC Special Congress @ Kangkap (January 24, 25) 1985 – ZNC Leaders at Delhi submitting memorundam (May) 1985 – ZNC Parbung Block was innaugurated 1986 – ZNC leaders at Delhi (April 10) submitted memorundum to Prime Minister 1986 – ZNC Henglep Block was inaugurated (July 23-24) 1986 – Zomi Graduate Association was formed (September) 1986 – ZNC Assembly at Synod Hall (August 21-22) 1987 – (January 08-20 ~12 days) ZRV “Long March” from Luangleh Vaisua (Sipikawn) to Lamka 1987 – Independence Day boycott (August 15) 1987 – Lamka, Sugnu & Kangpokpi bandh, 60 members of Zomi Revolutionary Volunteer (ZRV) were arrested (September 29)1987 – Arrested ZRVs were out on bail, a grand welcome at Tuibuang Forest Gate (October 02) 1987 – ZNC participated at Assam Tribal and Student Leaders’ meeting at Diphu (November 12) 1987 – Procession at Lamka, Memorundam was submitted to DC/Churachandpur (December 18) demanding UT 1988 – ZNC & PC leader Pu T. Gougin and Brig. T. Sailo singed an agreement to form Zomi Re-Unification Organisation (ZORO) (May 05) 1989 – First Zomi World Convention at Champhai morethan 20,000 deligates (May 19-21) 1989 – 600 ZRV from manipur reached Champhai on May 17 1989 – Pu T. Sailo, Pu T. Gougin and Pu L.Sanngam were carried on uncovered jeep where thousands of people followed them (May 23) 1989 – Pu Gougin was warmly received by countless Zomi heads at Zemabawk on May 29 CERTIFICATE OF HONOURS/APPRECIATION 1. The Hmar Christian Diamond Jubilee Committee proudly presents the Distinguished Christian Citizen Award to T. Gougin Dt. 7-12-85 signed by Dr. Rochunga Pudaite Honourary President and Ruolneikhum Honourary Chairman. 2. Oja Indramani Memorial Trust herewith conferred a Certificate of Journalism to T. Gougin MA, Ex-Minister, Churachandpur, Zoveng with Rs.1000/- plus Certificate. 3. Certificate of Honours as “The Father of Zou People” (Zou Nam Pa) by T. Hangkhanpau, Ex-Minister and President of United Zomi Organisation and T. Nehkhojang General Secretary, United Zomi Organisation. 4. Tungnung Phungpi Council, Manipur India conferred Certificate of Honour to T. Gougin for being the first in BA Honours, MA in Economics and first Minister signed by Tungnung Phungpi, Chairman and Secretary. 5. The Zomi Sangnaupang Pawlpi, General Headquarters Awarded Certificate of Honours to T. Gougin being the First ever Master Degree Holder among the Zou Community signed by H. Kapneithang, General President and Th. Soiminthang, General Secretary. 6. Last, but not the least T. Gougin is the first Tribal Gentleman who snapped a photo with the First India Commander-in-Chief, General K.M.Cariappa. T. Gougin life sketch published in three volumes mentioned below. 1. Biography International 1993, at page 746 2. Reference Asia at page 187-190 3. Reference Asia 7 volumes at page 451-152 Books written and published Pu T. Gougin 1. ABC of Zomi Economics (Zou) 2. The Martyrs (Marterte tangthu (Zou) 3. They Sacrifice for mankind (Zou) 4. Discovery of Zomi Resurgency (English) 5. Ka Phylosophy ( Ka Lunggel (Zou) 6. Zogam Novel Minthang (Zou) 7. Tales from Shakespeare (Zou) 8. Hindi Pauzilna (Zou) 9. What life has taught me (English) 10. Two Nouns can Save India (English) 11. Zomi National Congress (English) 12. English Grammer (Zou) 13. Zoram tan Duhthlanna (Lushai) 14. Re-Unification of Congress (English) 15. Gems of Late President Kenedy (English) 16. Discovery of Zoland (English) 17. Revamp of Political System a Must (English) 18. Zogam Itna Late (Zou) 19. Zogam Pumpi Paidingdan (Zou) 20. My Role As Parliamentarian (English) 21. Zou Custom Book (Zou) 22. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam (English) 23. Must Manipur March Ahead (English) 24. An India Army Primer (English) 25. Life Sketch of T. Gougin (English) 26. Too Much For Tears But Plunge (English) 27. English Hindustani Paite Primer ( Bilanguage) 28. One Hundred Famous People in the World (English) 29. Nehru’s Journey on Earth (English) 30. War Against Poverty (English) The blessed sons and daughters of (L) Pu T. Gougin 1. Nungkhochinpau Tungnung, Chief of Tuibul Village. Tungnung mintap. 2. Tualminthang, Name after Pu (L) T.Thangkhotual 3. Khamkhanlal, Name after (L) Jemadar Douzakham 4. Doulianmang, Name after Pu T.Gouzadou. He is now settled at New Delhi at his own house. 5. (L) Paukhantang, Name after (L) Tongzapau Manlun, Chief of Behiang 6. Mrs. Vungneikim, Name after Mother (L) Nemzavung. Wife of Pu John Jamkhomang (Retd. DIC Manager). 7. Mrs. Nemzamang, Name after Pi Domnem. Wife of (L) Mamang 8. Mrs. Kailianching, Name after (L) Onkhokai. Wife of David Hangzou, Bank Manager. 9. Ngaihoihniang, Name after Mrs. Chingkhongai. She is now settled at New Delhi at her own house. Foreign Visit THAILAND : 1986 ISRAEL : 1995 (L) T. GOUGIN’S WILL I too want to leave my will even if I failed to fulfil my dream of Zoland during my life time where all Zomis can live together as one big family with one aspiration, one hope that is; JUSTICE for Social, Economics, Political, Religion and LIBERTY of Thought, Expression, Faith and Equality of Status and of Opportunity and to promote among all Zomis Fraternity. For these, we should Fight together, Work together and Die together. This is MY WILL. My second Will is Nobody should shed tears over my mortal body but try to know my Will above. My third Will is over my grave this should be written : “ Here lies a MAN who work for the Unification of all ZOMI’s and for their Salvation, Political, Economic and Religion. For this, GOD ordained him to suffer”.

Former CLA commander's body exhumed

Former CLA commander's body exhumed
Source: The Sangai Express / S Singlianmang Guite

Lamka, June 22 2014: Former cadres of Chin Liberation Army or the Chin Army, one of the oldest insurgent groups in the North East region, exhumed the mortal remains of their commander Tunkhopum Baite, almost fifty years after he was reportedly killed by the Mizo National Front (MNF) .

Tunkhopum, commonly addressed by his followers as General Tunkhopum Baite led the insurgent group that received guerilla warfare training in East Pakistan under the patronage of the then Pakistani Government.

He was however killed by the MNF, another insurgent group led by Laldenga, whose cadres he took along when his army's second batch went for training in East Pakistan.

There are numerous accounts on how he was executed though the place where his body was laid to rest remained mystery until a few days back.

After 40 years, the commander's personal assistant (PA) Paukhohau Khuptong led a group of his former comrades with a mission to trace the place, where Tunkhopum was buried.

In a memoir published last year, Paukhohau Khuptong said that his commander took MNF leader R Halleluijah to Pakistan for the first time in his place on January 18, 1966 after agreeing to remain united and respect each other's cause at a crucial meeting held in Aizawl with MNF chief Laldenga and his full cabinet three days before their departure.

"We began our search in the first week of June and finally located it inside a jungle on the banks of Tuichang river, about 3 kms from Muizawl, the nearest village in Champhai district of Mizoram on June 17", said ST Jamkhanthang who served as a section commander in Tunkhopum Baite's Chin Army but embraced priesthood afterwards.

He said that for some reasons they withheld their commander's identity to the person who disclosed the place, where Tunkhopum Baite was laid to rest.

Last night, the former CLA cadres acquired the mortal remains of their commander and entered Sinzawl village.

"The villagers greeted us in massive numbers with a fitting tribute.

We will reach our hometown Lamka soon and hopefully with the remains of our commander", said Jamkhanthang.

He said that about 20 former cadres of the Chin Army are still alive in different parts of the State.

"I am requesting all of them to be there in Lamka to receive and honour our commander", he added.

It is yet to be decided where and how the mortal remain would be preserved, Jamkhanthang expressed hope that the arrival of commander's mortal remains would surely be an emotional affair not just for the former cadres but for the local community as well.

* This news is as published by respected news daily at Imphal, whose name is duly marked as 'Source'. E-Pao.net is not responsible for it's sanctity & originality.

The biography briefly jotted by K. Vungzamawi

PHAMSA PU TUNKHOPUM BAITE SULNUNG & ZOMI Political Movement

PHAMSA PU TUNKHOPUM BAITE SULNUNG & ZOMI Political Movement
K Vungzamawi.

Thumapi: I tangthu uh sutding ahihchiang in ikim ikiang uate a patlouh theihlouh ahihman in Kidoupi 2na ahong beikuan khawnga kipat in entou masa le hang. 1946 kum khawng in kidoupi 2na hong daita ahihman in Manipur aom Nagate ahong patau masa pen ua, A.Z Phizo makaih in Nagate tenna tengteng Manipur hin Naga Hills atengte hitaleh vaihawmna khat a gawma, mahni kivaipuakna gamkhat bawlkhiak ding chih tupna toh Naga National Council (NNC) kichi ahon phutkhiata uhi. Hiai NNC ten atup leh angimte uh muntamtak a ahon tangkou pih chiang un Ukhrul a 1919 kuma ana kiphutkhia Tangkhul Naga Long kichite, banah Kabui Naga Association in akhaikhawm Zeliangrong-Zemis, Liangmeis leh Rongmei kichi ten leng hiai pawlpi Naga National Council hong lunglut pih in kithuahpihna pe souhsouh mai uhi. Ahihleh bangziaka huchibang pawlpi hong piangkhia hiam? ichih aleh thuchiam omsa mah banga British ten India zalenna piaka agam taihsan chih ana hi a, ataihsat nung chiang ua Manipur singtangmite kivaihawmna tuama om ding chih ana tup ziak ua hiai pawlpi hong kipan uh ahi zaw hi. I theihchiatsa mah bang un Manipur pen British thahatna ziaka state alaklut ahihziak in Meiteite/phaizang mite tamzaw mahle uh akisaktheihpih luat ding uh omtuanlou hi. A.Z Phizou in campaign hon bawlzom zel in khatvei leng Aizawl lam aom, Lushai Hills aheutute kiang ah chialna bawl ding in 1947 kum in va hoh ngei chi uhi. Khulmi Nation Union (Khul Union):Huchibanga Naga ten PAWLPI ahon bawltak ua kipat inchuh Non-Naga te ading in leng lung-ap huai mahmah ahingei dinga, 1946 kum in Heutupa Zavum makaihna in Imphal a Old Lambulane ah kikhopna thupitak ana sam uhi. Tua hun ah nam tuamtuam Non-Nagate Kuki, Thahdou, Paite, Hmar, Gangte, Gangte, Vaiphei, Mayon, Lamkang, Maring, Anal, Chiru, etc.. chihte telvek sipsip uh a, tua kikhopna ah Paite ai-oh in Pu T.Thangkhai ana tela, Kom lam akipat in Pu Teba Kilong te ana tel uhi. Himahleh hiai kikhopna ah buaina piang pah ngala, Kuki ten communication leh official language dinga Kuki pau zat ding achih tinten ziak un huai meeting atel Kuki pau zanglou siah in pomtheilou in pawt khiaksan ngal uhi. Huchi vengvung a ahong om nung un October 24, 1946 in Zavum Misao, President leh T.Kipgen, Secretary hihna toh Kuki National Assembly (KNA) ahon phutkhia uhi. Amau ahon tup leuleu uh ahihleh Kuki State bawlkhiak ding chih ahong hinawn hi. Huchibang vengvung ahong hihtak chiang in ei ate leng om maimai theinawn ta lou, hiai KNA pawl kibawlna alah telkhalou teng, viz Hmar, Paite, Thadou(khenkhat), Vaiphei, Kom, Maring, Chiru, Anal (Pakan), Lushai, Mate, Lhungdim, Lenthlang, Changsan, Sukte, Biete leh Shaikhum ten Khulmi National Union (Atom in Khul Union) kichi 1946 in ahon phutkhe nawn uhi.

Pianna Zogam

Mimbang pianna Vangkhua Teeltui ngai ing ee, Laikuang umpih ciin leh tuai mah ngai ing ee... Sial sial ing ee, va bang lenpih seino gual teng, Tang bang fam in gual tung va bang tuang dingin, Tung Sianmang in van daitui ong buak ta hen.. Pianna Zogam
Tulsing nahlim lai ah Dimtui vangkhua Ngo bang lang ee, sen gual tawh siamsil ka sinna...
Huihkhi dam in hong sem ee Thangmual dungah,
Zatawm in melmu in tong a sanna ThuamVum hi....

Lummei in lum bang sung ee Meitei gun galkhua don leng, 
Ngai na'ng ee tuuk hun buhlo ah zingvai ka hawmlai ni te... 

Ciam pelloo in itna thuk tawh tong ciam Rih tuili aw,
Na khan kumsawt dam henla, namcin te in paak bang tawi hen aw....

Khai Kam vangkhua ah khuam bang phuh sa Zogam UniversityZo vontawi te' ading singdang ang ah mualliam ta ee.....

Mual dawn vangkhua Matupi leh Hakha aw,
Etin lawm ee Zogam gia bang na zun ee....

Laizom ka it Mizo tawh sam gi bang nong khen,A luang lai Ciau tui ciim in luang lai eee.......

Ciau lum suang tawh tong ciam a i lel sinthu,Phuh bang kho in khangsawn te'n tuu bang cing hen aw "PIANNA ZOGAM" aw......

Ngo Ngin Ngal cikciang ong tung ding hiam?

Khatvei 2001 kiim pawl lai in, Zomi Revolutionary Army trainning phualpi khat ah, Zogam galkap paltan sinlaite political class piak lai ZNC le ZORO makailui Pu Thang Khan Gin ( Zokhankhual) tawh buuk khat ah, hun awl sung ka holim khawm uh hi. Thucin thutang gen in ka omlaitak uh, ZRO General Secretary le Defence Secretary alenkhawm Pu D. Kam Suan Thang zong a class zo in, hong paito a mi 3 kipha in holimna bang hong sang tektek in, sual ah bang ciangkang tawh giit kawm in ka luum khengkhang uh ahihi. Tua tungtang in Pu Thang Khan Gin in Zomi History lam, Pu Kam Suan Thang in Rules and Regulation lam, ke'n Mobilization lam vaipuak kala uh ahihi.
Hih banga hunawl kal a homlim kawmin, ka thugen uh thukawng hong kihei in, ZNC le ZORO lam hong kihei hi. Keizong Pu Gin ZNC le ZORO pen abulpan kipan, tuni dongmah atheician pen lai na hihciang, ZNC le ZORO pen India kumpi in hong huh ding citah, bangdia tuavai bei ahia? kachih le, ZNC hong hatciangin i policy pen Burma nuai a Zogam lak ding himawk ahihciangin, ZNC president ding pen Chin State lam pan hileh ci in, ngaihsunna hong om in Thailand a om Pu Mang Khan Pau makai dingin kideih hi, tua thu hong om ciangin Pu Gogin in amun awnnuam pha mello hi. Anung sawtpek ciang nangawn in ZNC president mah kici lailai in, Pu Gogin asih ciang " ZNC Rest In Peace" ci in asinglamteh ah gelh theih phial ahihi, ci in ciamnuih le cihtak in gen hi. Tua khit ciangin India kumpi tawh kizomna kibawl toto hi. Tualaitak in Rajiv Gandhi pen India prime minister hi. Rajiv Gandhi pen Delhi a student makai kahih lai a, amah zong student makai khat hingei ahihi. Palai tawh kihona tungtawn in India kumpi tawh kiho ding hun hong tung ciangin, Rajiv in tulaitak parliament khawmpi khat nei ung in, parliament varandah ah nangak un khawmpi zawh ciang kihoni hong ci hi. Rajiv khawmpi zo hong pusuah a ko hong muh ciangin akhut hong van in office ah lutsuak hi, tuaciangin Pu Gogin in hong hopih ning ci a eilah hong sam kei si e, ci in a office lut phei ngamlo niloh hi, ci hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin genna ah tua Zogam thu pen thusel ahihmanin, mite theihloh dinga ki iim hi a, Rajiv in akhut hong van pen, kong thei hi cihna hi a office ah zuih phei pah ding hi in, Pu Gogin in singtang lungsim tawh maingallo a hong lutpih ngamlo ci hi. Tua a kipan in Indian Prime Minister tawh kihona eilam pan kikhahsuah kha hi, ci hi. Tua hunlai 1989-90-91 in India kumpi in Zomi le Zogam vai bek hilo in, Burma vai himhim ah mipi lam open a, agup laitak ahihi. Hibanga Indian Prime Minister tawh vaigeel nang hong kipelh a kipan, lungzingna tampi hong tung in ki kianiam hiaihiai hi, ci in Pu Thang Khan Gin in gen hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin tawh hibanga holim kawmkawm laitak, Pu Kam Suan Thang kiangah Pa Suan ZNC pen na hat mahmah ngei hi a, Paite te'n support nuamlo akici pen banghanghiam kacih le, Pu Kam Suan Thang in Paite te'n aki support lo hi kei tampi mah lut uh, ZNC makaipi khat ahi Pu Lal Neih Thang zong Paite ahihi, Pu Gogin in mipi mai ah speech le campaign aneih cianga " Zo dihtak ka hi" a kicih tuan sese denkei pen mi tampi in zakdahhuai kisa hi, cih dan in hong dawng hi. acihnopna ah Zo/Zomi cih pen akineisak tuam om ding ih hih le, no bang kisa tuan na hi uh hiam? cih lungsim piangsak hileh kilawm hi. Tua khit ciangin holim kawmkawm in, ahih le ZNC in Zogam le Zomi gawmkhawm kik ding ci'n zaipi gen uh cin a, Manipur election politics ah banghanga hong kia mawk na hi uh hiam? ka cih le, Pu Thang Khan Gin in India tawh vai lah hong mumal nawnlo, ZNC le ZORO lah ma bing pian tain tavai ding dinmun ah ka omlaitak, ka nuntakna a kanialzawh ngeiloh ding khat in Election ah contest inla na maban zuun in, hong ci in election politics ah hong kiheikhia ka hihi, tua pen mitampi tunga kagen hilo hi hong ci hi. Zoheisa pawl Lamka lam ka paicil lam khong un lawmte khong in akamnam uh ciang, Pu Thang Khan Gin na ci gawpgawp thei uh hihtuak hi, aman zong asungthu aciamteh thei ding ci a honggenkhia dan ahihi. Tuahun sung mah in Pu Thang Khan Gin kiangah " Zomi" cih pen, akoi pan a hong sawkkhia na hiam? kacih le, ka M.Phil ( Ph.D tawh kikim kici) paper dinga " Chin Minam" sulkanna kabawlbawl le Zomi hongsuakkhia ahihi, ci hi. Acihnopna ah "Chin" cih minam i bulpi ka zongzong le Zomi nahi mawk ci hile kilawm hi. Tua sanglai dinga na kankhiat bel hivencin, bang dia a movement ah luletaw theilo liangin, hong kipei ta dihdih na hiam? ka cih le, ko hunlai in India ah University thupi penpen nih om in, tuate Jewaharlal Nehru University-JNU le Delhi University-DU te ahihi. JNU pen politics le revolution vai pian in, India a politician le activist tamzaw zong JNU pan vive a suakhia ahihi. D.U pen kumpi nasem Beurocrat zalian pipi tampite kivulh khiatna ahihi. JNU te'n D.U te pen mi sawltak Beurocrat dingte ci in ka ciamnuih theizel vua, D.U te'n JNU te pen " Armchair Revolutionary" tutmun a revolution semte ci in hong ciamnuih uh ci hi. Ko pen JNU a kah hi in ki revolutionary sinsen den pian in, tua huhau mah in JNU a kah Zosuan siamsin mi 5 pen Zomi le Zogam a ding khantawn sem ding ci in ko tumtak in commitment kabawl uh hi. Aminte uh hong gen napi'n kamangngilhta a Pu Thang Khan Gin le Kuki Innpi Chairman lui Pu Gen Gou Khup bel kaciamteh theilai ahihi. Pu Thang Khan Gin in hong genzawmna ah, China le Russia makaite hong paiciang bang kavaidawn keei uh in, leitungbup sangnaupangte khong tawh zong kakizawm uh ci hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin in agenzomna ah,siamsin azawh uh ciang ZNC le ZORO ah kibual suakin, kilawhcing dektak man hi, ci hi. Tulai (2000 kiim) a Kuki gamnuaimi KNA, KNF makai atamzaw zong ZNC/ZORO volunteer ZRV lui vive hi, maban hong kicianloh cianga, tua banga ki khenthang ki hihi, ci in gen hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin pen ciamnuih khong zong asiam mawhlo khat hi in, ciamnuih tawh helh zel thutak genzel in, zaknop peuhmah dihzen hi. Pu Kam Suan Thang thu khat dong a " Newspaper a Pu Gogin tawh lai nong kisuah pen uh abangci hiam?" acih le, tua pen Khuga Dam Project tawh kisai hi in, sum negu ci a hong kingawh in tangvalte'n hong theikhial ding uh kilau a newspaper a ka dawnkik ahihi, ci hi. Tua laitak Chin State bekbek pan zong tangval sinsen 400 bang hong lut in lauhuai mahmah ci hi. ( Hihthu bel detail in gelhdah ni) Pu Kam Suan dotna hiam kei dotna hiam theinawn kei ing in, hong gen khat bel ZORO 1989 kum Champhai a khawmpi kibawlna ah " Zo" kicilo in " Zomi" kici hi, tua pen ciamteh den ding ahihi, ci hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin in 1989 kum a Champhai a naungek 2 piang lak ah, khat pen Pu Arthangmawia le Pu Ro Za Thang te pata in naupuan tawh pua in Geneva zatopi ah kum khat khatvei ava kivelvel sak uh hangin, tudong dam thei mahmah loin zawngkhal lai hi ci in hong gen a ka nui zuahzuah uh hi. Khenkhat in " Zo" ci in modified in tua pen diklo in ZRO te'n "Zomi" mah paipih suak le uh cin original hi zaw hi ci hi. ZORO legacy zomsuak hizaw cihna hileh kilawm hi. ZNC/ZORO makai Pu Thang Khan Gin le ZRO/ZRA makai Pu Kam Suan Thang tawh hun khat lai a, kithuahkhawmna a Zomi History a ciamteh huai thu khenkhat holim khaknate, record dinga kigelhkik ahihi. Tangpi tangta lak a a gen kholloh uh thute tampi kihel hi. Lai tawh i ciamteh zel kei le, athei omnawnlo in anungciang ziau thu in nelhsiah thei ahihman a ka theihlai teng kong gelh ahihi. Pu Thang Khan Gin le Pu Kam Suan Thang te tuni in dam sinsen lai uh a, amau zong mipi theihuai ciangciang laigelhkhia zel le uh ciamteh huai thu tampi om ding ahihi. Anih vua English lam pakta zaw pian un, English tawh hong gelh le uh, ei mipi te'n na mangkhiat leng zong zaknop veve lai thei ahihi. Thukhupna ah kaphawklai khat hong gelh leng, ZNC/ZORO te minthang law mahmah, India Kumpi in zong panpih ding ci sawnsawn lai ahihmanin, mipi in zong tha ngah mahmah a na kigalging keei uh hihtuak hi. Pu Thang Khan Gin in agenna bangah Mizoram a Ngur le Vapar lam bang paileng, papi te'n " NGO NGIN NGAL cik ciang tung ding ahiam? ci'n hong dong uh hi, ci in hong gen a ka khawnung nuih ngeingai uh ahihi. @ Zokhup Page 

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Zogam khanmohbawk te

Vungzamuan Valte

Mimal muhdan leh ngaihdan ah kinga tangpi mahleh, Zogam khanmohbawkte a bawngbawng in khen theih ding a, kibang sipsip khollou zawmah ding hi. Ngaihdan kupna ahi, a dikpen chihna hilou.

MIN/NAM/HIHNA AH CHIANGLOU: Burma ah Burmese ten CHIN hon chi ua, Britisht te hunin zong CHIN hon chilai uhi. 1948 a Burma in independence a muhtan in zong CHIN kihilai, Chin Hill Regulation leh Chin State, Chin Division chih khong ah chiang mahmah. A lamdang khatbel, Chin Hills Regulation, 1896 ah, Chins includes Lushais, Kukis, Burman domiciled in the Chin Hills, chileltak. Zo suan leh Zo chih kigen tam mahleh Zomi chihpen 1970`s a piangkhia hilel zaw hi, (Daizang, 1972). 1960 a PNC te Memorandum ah chiang huntawk mahmah, CHIN ka hi uh, chih ahi hi. India leh East Pakistan lam ah Zo suante British ten 1870`s apat KUKI hon chi ua huai pen Chittagong hill tracts, South Mizoram leh Tripura a Zo suan tengte, Bengali leh Assemese ten KUKI ahon chih ziak uh ahi hi. Bangtan hiam hiai min danin hon thei nilouh uhi. British ten 1890`s in tua Mizoram pen a luah nungsiah uh Lushai hills chiden ua, Lushei te gam ahi chih recognise uhi. Lamdang takin Mizo Union te Memorandum 1947 ah KUKI ka hi kei uh, Mizo ka hi uh, Warren Hastings in a theihkhelh ahi,  chih tuang kiukiau hi. Himahleh, Lushai/Lushei chihpen in huapzau zoulou sakna leh political movement taktak patkhiak utna ziakin, 1940`s in Mizo chih piangkhia hi. Tulel a Zo suan kichi Manipur a om ten 1946 apat tunitan in MIzo kichih ding deihlou in kinawlkhiin lai hi. Mizo Union leh MNF hatlai in Mizoram a eimi om ten (Sialkal tlang leh a sehvel) Mizo kichi utlou ua,Paite ( PNC) kichi tentan uhi, CHIN zong kichi saam lou uhi. MNF haat tunglai velin PNC suk chimit sawm ua, heutute khenkhat in thuak chihtakin thuak uhi. Heutu masa Tunkhopum Baite in CHIN min sihpih mahleh ami-asa ten kizuilou hihtuak, amah leh a nunjui ten kibukna ding neilou ua matsak leh sihna tuak uh chih ahi hi.

Manipur ah 1940`s leh 1960`s kikar in nambing harhthakna khat piangdok a kideidanna lianpi toh (PNC, YPA, SSPP), (KNA, KSO), (UZO, ZSP)  leh adangdang piang sosuh ua, kipumkhatna beisak hi. Kuki chih deihlouhna om ahihman in KHUL Union, 1947-1949) chihpeuh pankhia ua, a sawnglai in chu haat mahmah fefu hihtuak, himaleh kum thum zong daih hoihlou in kisialpipuk depdup zel hi. 1970`s in Hill Peoples Union chi ua, eiloi te leng nasa ngial uhi, ahia election vaai ahihziak hiam, daih sawtlou in bei nawnzel. Nam/identity min hilou ahihziak le ahi kha ding.

Manipur ah, Pu T. Gougin makaihna nuai ah, Zo suan leh Zomi chih 1980`s in hong uang saan mahmah nawn a, ZNC ten spearhead uhi. Halhthakna khat om guih a, himahleh nambing a politics ana saikhin lakloh ihihna ah, lamzang taktak theilou hi. PNC toh ui leh ak bangmai in kimelma mawk ua, election buai in buai maimah ua khosuak mumal lou uhi. Himahleh, ZNC in Manipur, Mizoram leh Burma tanpha ah chituh kiptak nei a ZORO movement in Zogam/Zoram deng suang zungzung hial hi (Long march etc). Huai hunlai mah in khanlohna khat om leuleu a unau Kuki leh Mizo te huaihotna in CHIN-KUKI-MIZO (CHIKUMI) chih suaksuah leuleu a Chavang KUT kilawm dupdup sek hi. Naga leh Kuki buaina ziakin galtaite ZNC ten vaidawnna nasep, laigui zoppih, sisan khat suak, unau mangbangte chi ua, hahtakin panla uhi. Huai hunlai a U Thangkhangin ki`a kagen zaw gendok dah-ni. 1992 vel apat nomenclature ah kibuai nawn lenglung a, unau khenkhat ten imposition leh might zangin Zogam thu hong veek vivit lel uhi. Mangbatna ziakin, nambing a politics sai kitohloh kei chih muhsuah ahi a, ZRO phuansuah in om hi. ZNC nungjui chu himahleh, avatar thak leh lametna thak ah kiding liiliai hi. Hiai halhthakna in tualgal piangsak a unau kimaituah neknekna om kha zenhouh hi. I identity dikpen uh zong lellel ihi lailai ua, koipen a vualtungtuang dia, koipen ahipeuhmah dia, ihihna uh chih kithei bun nailou? Zomi Council ah tribe 7 hiam 9 hiam omta kichi, himahleh, Hmar Inpui leh Kuki Inpi te parallel in pai lai tadih a, huchidan a pai tadih ding hihtuak, solution haksa mahmah leh kilawm. A buaihuai mahmah chu, Mizo a minlou, Kuki a kithutuak vek lou, Sinlung a kituak lemlou, Khul Union a kituak tuanlou, Zomi le a deihlou om zel. Heiha, NAM MIN ah chiang le achih huai ngei mai, koipen a hong kuitungpen diam, etet ding himai.

I geographical dinmun etin leh khovel kivaipuakdan kalbi etin, Mizoramte dinmun kichian linlen ua, Unau Burma a omten vaihawmna kichiantak, state tuam vilvel neita ua, ei Manipur a omkhate kikoltang den ding bang maimah hi. Hihna kichian, tupna kichian leh pankhawmna taktak omlou in kuamah mah ikhosuak kei ding, gam leh nam thu ah haattak in pai vivit ni ichih lebel Lushei te dan a kikhek pumlumna poimohpen hi, Lushei apat Mizo toh kikim a Kuki apat Zomi or vice versa, ahikei tawp leh MIZO suah duup mai, bang a poi a, chithei kiom ta. Himahleh, Mizo ten ei hon poimoh nawnlou, banah thiltampi petmah kikhel vekta, tulel dinmun etin ah i maban sah-law lai.

POLITICS BAWHKHIAL: 1946 apat Burma leh India zalenna kawl eng panta, nam chih buai vengvung ua, political identity leh ideology piangsak. Mizote, Nagate, Meiteite patauhna karah kiding kha a, re-alignment poimoh ahi chih muphaten panla ua, ei loi chu, “ Kuki nawmlou se chu pawt dawh uvin”, chi in kikhen hang. Mizoten hon zolzol ua kiuksak lou hial hi, zuihmalak ah kidou tentan hi. Chin tetoh kihouna om mahleh, Burmese Federal set up ah lungkim ding kisa ua, kikhenna pumpi suak. Nam bing politics ziakin Hmar toh KUKI kikar ah buaina namenlou piang a gaal delh in kidelh zouzen uhi. Huchidan in hunmanpha leh golden opportunity te kimansuah kha hi, a masa in Unau Mizote kinial, huaizoh in Burma toh kikhen suak, huaizoh in Kuki toh kikhen vilvel,  nanvuallouh development le ahi ngei di. British ten a tupsang ua kin-gangtak a India leh Burma a nawtsiat maimah ziak un, Crown Colony concept piching manlou a, hichiden ding ihita ve ua.

Nambing politics in sau hon tunlou ding chih mupha i mimasa Pute T C Tiankham, Teba Kilong, Haukhawlet, T. Thangkhai leh Mono ten KHUL UNION dinkhe mahle uh, KUKI te leh Naga te telou ua betdaih pah in om hi. North East Reorganisation omdek lai in experiment khat, Hill Peoples Union le dingkhe nawn ua, selai tangkhat le kap lou in Hill Areas ah Autonomous District Council 1972 in sualsuah uhi. Himahleh, khemna a piilut ana hi maimah ua, autonomy neiloupi (abawm hawmpi), Meiteite siamna leh pilna kizoulou mahmah chih a khonungpi in muhsuah a hong hi hi.

Sinlung/Chhinlung /CHIKIM/CHIKUMI chihkhong gengen le zong bangmah kaw-lok taktak nawnlou, nambing dan in politics kisai vialvial, nambing mah in MLA/MDC/MP candidate support puang sousouh chiat, politics mumal nawnlou, maban khualna leh gam leh nam humbitna ding a panlaakna kiam hiai hiai. Hiai electoral politics ah development fund kisawkhuanna leh projects leh contract kitaitehna khuukpi ah kitulut in, politics sai hinawnlou a, gilpi politics hongsuakta hi. Nambing banah beh politics hileuleu a, unau laina, insak inkhang leh vengsung, khawsung ah kideidanna, kimuhsiamlouhna, kiengbawlna, kineksiatna, kimuhsitna chihte piangsak hi. Nam leh nam kikar ah buaina piangsak a, a thuak vanglak in sialpi vuahthuak a thuakpawl kitam mahmah, panpihtu ding neilou, lah ahithei  liai teng Mizoram, Vangai tang leh Burma ah taimang hiau uhi. Nam politics ziakin 1960`s in Mizoram ah imi-isa ten thuak peetmah ua, Manipur ah le kithuak toutou den hi.

Politics leh development issue itheih kaaklouh ziak un elected te saivek ding kisa laizang a, asep ding diktak uh, minautangte haksatna etkai a plan leh policies guan, funding omtheihna ding project hoih taktak patsuah leh mipi-gam-leh-leitang kepbitna, Legislative business (DAN bawl leh etkhiakna ) lam kitaisan kha hi. Executive functions pen Secretariate/Directorate/DC/SDO/field officers etc te sai ding hizenpi, MLA leh Minister ten saivek maimah ua, huai dingdan hizawlou in officials te nasepna etkai leh bawhzuina hatsak sem hizaw ding hi. Development schemes leh grant tuamtuam a benefeciaries te tel-khiak leh panpihna piak tungtang ah kigolhsau lua ua, field officials leh local level a vaihawmte (village authorities etc) sep ding beisak, hiai in accountability leh responsibility beisak a thil hoihlou zaw a piangsak naknak. Cheque power tawi liuliau ua, utte pia, ullouhte pelou, contract khong hawm jangjang, panpihna khong hawm jiahjiah, chief guest a pang thithe, sum hawmhawm mai, chihdan khong i politics hitel eivoi. Monitoring authority ten a semtu hihna a let chiangun lungdon huaipi ahi, alungkimlou leh a khasete taaina ding omlou ahih maimah chia. Kideihsak tuamna leh aguk a kithutuahna (ki-gulluk) te in, mipi nautang a dingin haksatna namenlou piangsak jihjeh hi. Mipi ten ahidi mawng a koihsuk mai, amau le asep ding mawng uh satei mai, ki-ekbat vek.

Huchidan a ipaikhaak ziakin politics lunglut huaipi asuak a, kei ka hi kichithei taphot in politics saisawm leh election tuhsawm ihizaw uhi, nam leh gam itna chu kahase himai. Dan bawl leh igam humbitna nasep chu midangte sep ding a ngai, midangte hih ding a koih, huaite chu ZC/ZRO/CDSU/APSU/ATSUM/ZSF/ZYA/COPTAM/koptom hia/Tribe councils etc, naisailou lawtel mahmah ei settawk ve. I gam ah avangkim in pawltuam tuam piangkhe deuh reng a, fire fighting higige mai, seasonal politicians leh mipi tung a pressure/haksatna tunthei leltak pawlpi tam mahmah hi. Government a pressure pethei taktak hilou, minautang tung a khauhpai mahmah pawl, nek-le-tak zongtawmte a dia dongkholh mahmah, mahni gilpi ngaihtuah leltak pawl bawltawm te ziakin khantouhna haksasak tuanse, ahia, kuamah thulak taktak tham leh Manipur CM bildoh leh Meiteite patausak tham ding saipeih omsilou, ei leh ei kituisa buak gige. President te tamna, president te lalgam achih uh dik mahmah. Student union te misuse a politics mumallou saisak nilouh khong.

Mipi leh nautang in politics ilakdan le diklou, kipaikhial sau lawta, aziakbel, neih-le-lam a kielna, sum a kitaitehna hisak ihih chi`a, policy leh programmes enlou, nam heutute support pen support dupzel, kitelna om jihjeh mahleh angei a ngei, bangmah kilamdang ding muh om tuanlou. MLA/Minister in kei a ding in bang a hon hihsak thei a, chih keleu, (ihaksat ziak uh le hikha inteh), himahleh i heutute panpih tampen leh hamphatpih tampen te a nei tata hizel. Electoral politics isaidan leh mipi ten i vote ipiakdan le khen lamdan poimoh, mahni vote khong zuak di hilou ahi. Gamsung puahna, dan leh thupiak etkaina, gam leh nam kepbitna te ipibawl mahmah uh hun ahita, kikhel lawlam le ahi.

Revolutionary party hiam, revolutionary forum hiam in thaulong leh thautang in nam leh gam a kembit gige kei, haksatna a tun tamzaw, dan hoih leh zattak nei in, ei leh ei kivaihawm lebel duhthusam ahi, himahleh huaidan gamla pian ahih chiah, legislature (LAW) a kihumbitna ihihtheih omsun ahi, huai dingin Indian DAN bupi pansan in, leh lawm bawl in, panla le ibitna hiding hi. Mipi vaihawmna leh mipi thuneihna om hit-hetlou in kum tam hiaitan ina pai hamham ua, tuchiang in tuh village level (grass root) democracy chiam tei tale chih a ut-huai, tung lam-apat kivaihawmna hilou in anuai lam-apat kivaihawmna deihhuai semsem.  Indian Union a om hiteisam ihih ngal leh mipiten zalentak a adeih uh tel theihna, amau leh amau aki vaihawm theihna, leh meithai tagahte tung a zaidoh taka nasemtu, aneu leh alian khenlou, nam leh hihna a ensam lou, leh gam humbitna a pan-la-ngam kipoimoh. Meiteite hazaknaui a om kumkhua ding a Tung Pathian in honsehsa ahihna ah, amautoh kithutuak tak  leh equal treatment ahon piaktheihna ding un gam leh nam kepbitna leh khanlohna poimoh hi. Tunitan in le kithutuahna piangmoh lai nilouh a, FM radio station leltak khong atuh a kituh ngai zenhouh hi,  district aguk a sual pawl (Manipur sung leh Mizoram sung ah) la beilou, common platform om thei mawngmawng lou, MLR&LR Act, 1960 tanpha in le hon gawmkhawm zou taktak nawnlou hihtuak maimah, lungjiin huai. I Gam maban ding siapawl te SOO group in bang a hon saisuah ding ua chih kigal et bhengbheng lel ahih chu. (may be-to be continued)

Courtesy: zogam.com

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